{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:41:52Z","timestamp":1777880512321,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The major challenge in the HIV epidemic in Georgia is a high proportion of undiagnosed people living with HIV (estimated 48%) as well as a very high proportion of late presentations for care, with 66% presenting for HIV care with CD4 count &lt;350 and 40% with &lt;200\u2009cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , in 2013. The objectives of this study was to evaluate patient engagement in the continuum of HIV care for HIV patients diagnosed in 2013 and, within this cohort, to evaluate factors associated with late diagnosis and attrition from care.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Factors associated with late diagnosis were analyzed through binary logistic regression. Exposure variables were the mode of HIV transmission (injecting drug use, male-to-male contact, and heterosexual contact), gender (male vs female), and age (categorized by median value \u226436 vs &gt;36). In addition, CD4 count at diagnosis (cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) (\u2264350 or &gt;350) together with all above factors were tested for the association with attrition through Poisson regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 317 patients retained in care, representing 65% of those diagnosed (n\u2009=\u2009488). Out of eligible 295 patients, 89.5% were on treatment and 84% of those viral load count was measured after 6\u2009months of antiretroviral treatment initiation had HIV-1 viral load &lt;1000 copies\/mL. Patients reporting injecting drug use as a route-of HIV transmission had two times the odds (95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20091.34\u20133.49) to be diagnosed late and patients reporting male-to-male contact as a way of HIV transmission had half the odds (odds ratio\u2009=\u20090.46 (95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.26\u20130.81)) of late diagnosis compared to patients acquiring HIV through heterosexual contact. Patients older than 36\u2009years were more likely to being diagnosed late.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More attention should be given to injecting drug users as they represent the most at-risk population for late diagnosis together with older age and attrition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312117731977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T05:04:33Z","timestamp":1505970273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cascade of care among HIV patients diagnosed in 2013 in Georgia: Risk factors for late diagnosis and attrition from HIV care"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ekaterine","family":"Ruadze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikoloz","family":"Chkhartishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otar","family":"Chokoshvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tengiz","family":"Tsertsvadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2050312117731977","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS Care Continuum. U.S. Department of health and human services, https:\/\/www.hiv.gov\/federal-response\/policies-issues\/hiv-aids-care-continuum (accessed March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr2-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq243"},{"key":"bibr3-2050312117731977","unstructured":"Lazarus JV, S\u00f6nnerborg A, Fuenzalida H, et al. HIV program review in Georgia, http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0008\/288377\/HIV-Programme-Review-in-Georgia.pdf?ua=1 (accessed August 2017)."},{"key":"bibr4-2050312117731977","first-page":"11","volume":"1","author":"Chkhartishvili N","year":"2006","journal-title":"TCM-GMJ"},{"key":"bibr5-2050312117731977","unstructured":"Georgia. Global AIDS response progress report. Country progress report, http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/country\/documents\/\/file,94604,es.pdf (2012\u20132013, accessed March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr6-2050312117731977","unstructured":"Curatio International foundation and Public Union Bemoni. HIV risk and prevention behaviors among people who inject drugs in six cities of Georgia: bio-behavioral surveillance survey in Tbilisi, Batumi, Zugdidi, Telavi, Gori, Kutaisi in 2012. Study report, http:\/\/bemonidrug.org.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/BSS-among-IDUs-2012-eng.pdf (accessed July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr7-2050312117731977","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Consolidated strategic information guidelines for HIV in the health sector, http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/164716\/1\/9789241508759_eng.pdf (accessed March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr8-2050312117731977","unstructured":"Curatio International Foundation. Population size estimation of people who inject drugs in Georgia 2014. Study report, http:\/\/curatiofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/PWIDs-PSE-Report-2015_ENG.pdf (accessed March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr9-2050312117731977","unstructured":"Curatio International Foundation. Population size estimation of men who have sex with men in Tbilisi, Georgia. Study report, http:\/\/curatiofoundation.org\/msm-population-size-estimation2014-article\/ (accessed March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr10-2050312117731977","unstructured":"Curatio International Foundation. Population size estimation of female sex workers in Tbilisi and Batumi, Georgia 2014. Study report, http:\/\/curatiofoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/350.pdf (accessed March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr11-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414525939"},{"key":"bibr12-2050312117731977","unstructured":"World Health Organization Europe. HIV\/AIDS treatment and care in Georgia (2014), http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/communicable-diseases\/hivaids\/publications\/2014\/hivaids-treatment-and-care-in-georgia-2014 (accessed March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr13-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23269"},{"key":"bibr14-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.0097"},{"key":"bibr15-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462001916272"},{"key":"bibr16-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-8-22"},{"key":"bibr17-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3477-z"},{"issue":"25","key":"bibr18-2050312117731977","first-page":"581","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr19-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200408010-00009"},{"key":"bibr20-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.47.30070"},{"key":"bibr21-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462042563585"},{"key":"bibr22-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-11"},{"key":"bibr23-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200111","volume":"12","author":"Lanoy E","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"bibr24-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200209270-00012"},{"key":"bibr25-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200009010-00010"},{"key":"bibr26-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00607.x"},{"key":"bibr27-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12172"},{"key":"bibr28-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31826a6aee"},{"key":"bibr29-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027919"},{"key":"bibr30-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.037739"},{"key":"bibr31-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v3i0.5398"},{"key":"bibr32-2050312117731977","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu011"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050312117731977","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2050312117731977","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050312117731977","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:13:51Z","timestamp":1777594431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2050312117731977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2050312117731977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050312117731977","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"article-number":"2050312117731977"}}