{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:48:36Z","timestamp":1790221716928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010793","name":"Pfizer Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the patient characteristics, treatment procedures, and medical costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in clinical practice in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the MinaCare database of healthcare information covering nearly 3 million individuals, of which 90% were aged 20\u201359 years, we extracted and analyzed data of patients who were aged \u2a7e15 years and diagnosed with methicillin-resistant S. aureus during hospitalization between April 2010 and August 2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 684 patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection were listed in the database, of which 365 were eligible to be included in this study. Mean patient age was 52.9 years, and 31.5% of the patients were females. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia was the most common methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection (32.9%) with a mean age of 48.5 years, followed by pneumonia (24.1%) with a mean age of 61.0 years and methicillin-resistant S. aureus surgical site infection (6.3%) with a mean age of 49.7 years. Vancomycin was the most frequently prescribed anti\u2013methicillin-resistant S. aureus drug used as the first-line therapy (68.5%), followed by teicoplanin (14.2%), linezolid (7.9%), arbekacin (5.8%), and daptomycin (3.6%). The mortality rate was 11.0%, and the mean treatment duration was 13.3 days. The median total medical cost per patient was US$5083. The median treatment cost for methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia was the highest among the methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections at US$9099, followed by methicillin-resistant S. aureus pneumonia at US$3676 and surgery site infections at US$2084.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the proportion of patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus is very small in the employment-based health insurance database, methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia is the most common methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection in the working-age population and requires the highest medical cost. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus pneumonia is more common in the elderly and is a cause of high mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312119871181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T06:52:30Z","timestamp":1566629550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Treatment procedures and associated medical costs of methicillin-resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    infection in Japan: A retrospective analysis using a database of Japanese employment-based health insurance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3699-7231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Yuasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRECON Medical Assessment, Inc., Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MinaCare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2050312119871181","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance, 2014. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/112642\/9789241564748_eng.pdf.;jsessionid=BDB6CD6F6E7803D3F2F8A6F061291AEE?sequence=1 (accessed 27 June 2019)."},{"key":"bibr2-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/509555a"},{"key":"bibr3-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00474-2"},{"key":"bibr4-2050312119871181","unstructured":"Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance. Clinical laboratory division: annual open report 2015, 2016, https:\/\/janis.mhlw.go.jp\/report\/open_report\/2015\/3\/1\/ken_Open_Report_201500(clsi2012).pdf (2016, accessed 27 June 2019) (in Japanese)."},{"key":"bibr5-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3604-x"},{"key":"bibr6-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4058\/jsei.25.111"},{"key":"bibr7-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4058\/jsei.27.234"},{"key":"bibr8-2050312119871181","first-page":"173","volume":"31","author":"Takagi Y","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jpn J Environ Infect"},{"key":"bibr9-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.02.015"},{"key":"bibr10-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651094"},{"key":"bibr11-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.02.003"},{"key":"bibr12-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367653"},{"key":"bibr13-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12280"},{"key":"bibr14-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03365.x"},{"key":"bibr15-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179767"},{"key":"bibr16-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-120"},{"key":"bibr17-2050312119871181","unstructured":"Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance. All hospitalized patients division. Annual open report 2015, https:\/\/janis.mhlw.go.jp\/report\/open_report\/2015\/3\/2\/zen_Open_Report_201500.pdf (2016, accessed 27 June 2019) (in Japanese)."},{"key":"bibr18-2050312119871181","unstructured":"Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance. All hospitalized patients division. Annual open report 2018, https:\/\/janis.mhlw.go.jp\/report\/open_report\/2018\/3\/2\/zen_Open_Report_201800_200over.pdf (2019, accessed 27 June 2019) (in Japanese)."},{"key":"bibr19-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198905043201806"},{"key":"bibr20-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390806"},{"key":"bibr21-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.242.9"},{"key":"bibr22-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.15.1800244"},{"key":"bibr23-2050312119871181","unstructured":"Japanese Association for Infectious Disease. Practical guidelines for the management and treatment of infections caused by MRSA, http:\/\/www.chemotherapy.or.jp\/guideline\/guideline_mrsa_2019.html (2019, accessed 11 July 2019) (in Japanese)."},{"key":"bibr24-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1357"},{"key":"bibr25-2050312119871181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0079OC"},{"key":"bibr26-2050312119871181","unstructured":"The Government of Japan. National action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR)2016\u20132020, https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku\/0000138942.pdf (accessed 27 June 2019)."},{"key":"bibr27-2050312119871181","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance, https:\/\/www.who.int\/antimicrobial-resistance\/publications\/global-action-plan\/en\/ (accessed 27 June 2019)."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/2050312119878303","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568592000000}}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050312119871181","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2050312119871181","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050312119871181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:16:36Z","timestamp":1777594596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2050312119871181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2050312119871181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050312119871181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"article-number":"2050312119871181"}}