{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:36:29Z","timestamp":1790638589316,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Trentina per la Ricerca sui Tumori","award":["no specific number - Postdoctoral Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no specific number - Postdoctoral Fellowship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004004","name":"University of Trento","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pain experience is a negative complex phenomenon influenced by several mechanisms. Attachment processes may affect the way in which individuals experience and signal pain. Hence, in the last two decades, the role of attachment quality has drawn attention in pain research and practice. However, previous reviews on this topic focused on adulthood and\/or specific types or pain. We conducted a narrative review examining the association between attachment and different pain conditions from infancy to adolescence. Two independent researchers searched scientific databases for relevant papers. A total of 17 articles were included. Results highlight the following: (a) children and adolescents with chronic idiopathic pain showed low rates of attachment security compared to control groups; (b) pain conditions are consistently associated with elevated rates of at-risk pattern of attachment and information processing; and (c) the presence of unresolved trauma or loss is higher in children and adolescent who experienced pain compared to healthy controls. Despite the significance of these empirical evidences, the impact of caregiving environment and interpersonal context on pain experience in infancy and preschool age is poorly investigated compared to adulthood. Research on pain and attachment needs to be extended since the majority of the studies are limited to specific pain conditions. Future research should investigate the role of anxious attachment on procedural pain and transition from acute to chronic pain, testing new conceptual models. These findings shed light on the importance of relational factors and psychosocial vulnerabilities in pain clinical practice. An attachment-informed approach to pain will help health professionals to offer adequate support during procedures and to increase effectiveness of interventions. A developmental perspective is needed to integrate familial and relational contribution into a multimodal assessment and treatment of pain. Longitudinal studies are recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312119877771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T03:05:00Z","timestamp":1568862300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Associations between attachment and pain: From infant to adolescent"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9316-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Failo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Giannotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Venuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/614784"},{"key":"bibr2-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.03.029"},{"key":"bibr3-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12152"},{"key":"bibr4-2050312119877771","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Handbook of pediatric psychology","author":"Varni JW","year":"1995","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr5-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/474838"},{"key":"bibr6-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527622665.ch7"},{"key":"bibr7-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000160"},{"key":"bibr8-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/12.2.121"},{"key":"bibr9-2050312119877771","volume-title":"Classification of chronic pain","author":"Merskey H","year":"1994","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr10-2050312119877771","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Oxford textbook of paediatric pain","author":"Riddell R","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr11-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children3040021"},{"key":"bibr12-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.009"},{"key":"bibr13-2050312119877771","volume-title":"Attachment and loss. Vol. 1: attachment","author":"Bowlby J","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr14-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x"},{"key":"bibr15-2050312119877771","first-page":"99","volume-title":"The integration of a child into a social world","author":"Ainsworth MDS","year":"1974"},{"key":"bibr16-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04218.x"},{"key":"bibr17-2050312119877771","first-page":"171","volume":"30","author":"Crittenden PM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psicoterapia"},{"key":"bibr18-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.03.014"},{"key":"bibr19-2050312119877771","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications","author":"Bretherton I","year":"2008","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr20-2050312119877771","volume-title":"Raising parents: attachment, representation, and treatment","author":"Crittenden PM","year":"2015","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr21-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x"},{"key":"bibr22-2050312119877771","volume-title":"Attachment from infancy to adulthood","author":"Grossman KE","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr23-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02042.x"},{"key":"bibr24-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.34.10.932"},{"key":"bibr25-2050312119877771","first-page":"343","volume-title":"The organization of attachment relationships: maturation, culture and context","author":"Crittenden PM","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr26-2050312119877771","first-page":"367","volume-title":"John Bowlby\u2019s attachment theory: historical, clinical, and social significance","author":"Crittenden PM","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr27-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1467-8438.2006.tb00704.x"},{"key":"bibr28-2050312119877771","volume-title":"Attaccamento in Et\u00e0 Adulta","author":"Crittenden PM","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr29-2050312119877771","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Attachment in the preschool years: theory, research, and intervention","author":"Main M","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr30-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.02.006"},{"key":"bibr31-2050312119877771","volume-title":"Attachment in adulthood structure, dynamics, and change","author":"Mikulincer M","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr32-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00006"},{"key":"bibr33-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.10.007"},{"key":"bibr34-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000119"},{"key":"bibr35-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2015.1115113"},{"key":"bibr36-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2011.01.005"},{"key":"bibr37-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.09.003"},{"key":"bibr38-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/235329"},{"key":"bibr39-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.1950"},{"key":"bibr40-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0769-3"},{"key":"bibr41-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13007"},{"key":"bibr42-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00751"},{"key":"bibr43-2050312119877771","first-page":"1513","volume":"9","author":"Esposito M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"bibr44-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bolat N, Eliacik K, Yavuz M, et al. Adolescent mental health, attachment characteristics, and unexplained chest pain: a case-control study. Psychiatr Clin Psychoph 2018, https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/24750573.2018.1454374","DOI":"10.1080\/24750573.2018.1454374"},{"key":"bibr45-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.03.016"},{"key":"bibr46-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182361e12"},{"key":"bibr47-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104510387886"},{"key":"bibr48-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.06.015"},{"key":"bibr49-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104517692850"},{"key":"bibr50-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3368-4"},{"key":"bibr51-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/410725"},{"key":"bibr52-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0100875"},{"key":"bibr53-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.10.027"},{"key":"bibr54-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780199763979.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr55-2050312119877771","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Oxford textbook of paediatric pain","author":"Birnie KA","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr56-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400000110"},{"key":"bibr57-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006"},{"key":"bibr58-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/856513"},{"key":"bibr59-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anzf.1133"},{"key":"bibr60-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/anft.28.2.78"},{"key":"bibr61-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1997\/527057"},{"key":"bibr62-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1127008"},{"key":"bibr63-2050312119877771","volume-title":"Procedure-related cancer pain in children","author":"Liossi C","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr64-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.11.015"},{"key":"bibr65-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131448"},{"key":"bibr66-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn031"},{"key":"bibr67-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2012.05969.x"},{"key":"bibr68-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2014.06.006"},{"key":"bibr69-2050312119877771","first-page":"216","volume-title":"Handbook of pediatric psychology","author":"Blount R","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr70-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jst064"},{"key":"bibr71-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/26.6.367"},{"key":"bibr72-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.9.5.559"},{"key":"bibr73-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.09.019"},{"key":"bibr74-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31805f70e2"},{"key":"bibr75-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsj060"},{"key":"bibr76-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-005-0200-3"},{"key":"bibr77-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.32.3.457"},{"key":"bibr78-2050312119877771","volume-title":"Ansia Da Separazione E Misura Dell\u2019attaccamento Normale E Patologico","author":"Attili G","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr79-2050312119877771","first-page":"7","volume":"21","author":"Klagsbrun M","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brit J Proj Psychol Pers Study"},{"key":"bibr80-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsu118"},{"key":"bibr81-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2018.37.5.325"},{"key":"bibr82-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/908061"},{"key":"bibr83-2050312119877771","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Oxford textbook of paediatric pain","author":"Pag\u00e8 MG","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr84-2050312119877771","unstructured":"Vetter TR, McGwin G, Bridgewater CL, et al. Validation and clinical application of a biopsychosocial model of pain intensity and functional disability in patients with a pediatric chronic pain condition referred to a subspecialty clinic. Pain Res Treat, https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24251035"},{"key":"bibr85-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.02.001"},{"key":"bibr86-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020061"},{"key":"bibr87-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020364"},{"key":"bibr88-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.02.002"},{"key":"bibr89-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.689"},{"key":"bibr90-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.0000000000000001"},{"key":"bibr91-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000642"},{"key":"bibr92-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18357\/ijcyfs34.1201211563"},{"key":"bibr93-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.02.020"},{"key":"bibr94-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2001\/271702"},{"key":"bibr95-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20727"},{"key":"bibr96-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198525141.003.0008","volume-title":"Understanding and treating fear of pain","author":"Morley S","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr97-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.01904.x"},{"key":"bibr98-2050312119877771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104510364315"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050312119877771","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2050312119877771","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050312119877771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:16:46Z","timestamp":1777594606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2050312119877771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2050312119877771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050312119877771","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"article-number":"2050312119877771"}}