{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:15:16Z","timestamp":1792152916203,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination for the management of unexplained, mild male and mild female factor infertility in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective was conducted for couples seeking assisted reproductive technology services between January and December 2016 in one of the largest private hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Activity-Based Costing and Step-Down Costing methodologies with expert interviews were used to compute the costs of in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination. A total of 710 assisted reproductive technology procedures were observed by the embryologist in charge. The costs calculated included direct and indirect costs. A cost-effectiveness analysis and a Monte Carlo simulation probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average cost per in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination cycle was SR 27,360 (range: SR 19,541\u201329,618) and SR 10,143 (range: SR 7568\u201311,976), respectively, and the live birth rate per initiated in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination cycle was 20.7% and 7.9%, respectively, resulting in an average cost per live birth per in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination treatment cycle of SR 132,174 (95% confidence interval: 120,802\u2013143,546) and SR 128,392 (95% confidence interval: 124,468\u2013132,316), respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was SR 134,508 per extra live birth implicit in a decision to treat with in vitro fertilization. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the cost-effectiveness results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found that from a societal perspective, one in vitro fertilization treatment cycle was more cost-effective than intrauterine insemination in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312120931988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T04:03:51Z","timestamp":1592021031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cost-effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies in Saudi Arabia: Comparing in vitro fertilization with intrauterine insemination"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8352-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal","family":"Almaslami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Mohamed","family":"Aljunid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2050312120931988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198529446.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr2-2050312120931988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18047"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr3-2050312120931988","first-page":"100","volume":"41","author":"Rajabi A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"bibr4-2050312120931988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.06.017"},{"key":"bibr5-2050312120931988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/8.3.265"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr6-2050312120931988","first-page":"461","volume":"30","author":"Abduljabbar HS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"bibr7-2050312120931988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517749329"},{"key":"bibr8-2050312120931988","author":"OECD","year":"2020","journal-title":"OECD National Accounts Statistics PPPs Exchange Rates"},{"key":"bibr9-2050312120931988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-4651.194461"},{"key":"bibr10-2050312120931988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"key":"bibr11-2050312120931988","volume-title":"The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr12-2050312120931988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01928-8"},{"key":"bibr13-2050312120931988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp14X676609"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050312120931988","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2050312120931988","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050312120931988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:17:32Z","timestamp":1777594652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2050312120931988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2050312120931988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050312120931988","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"article-number":"2050312120931988"}}