{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:45:27Z","timestamp":1777880727819,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EMV","award":["R01 NS112694-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS112694-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While initial reports have emphasized a global rise in the frequency of intimate partner violence following COVID-19, emerging data are now showing a concerning surge in the severity of COVID-19-induced physical intimate partner violence. One of the most dangerous, frequent, yet hidden consequences of severe physical intimate partner violence is acquired brain injury, including repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and hypoxic brain injury. Although the increase in high-risk physical abuse during COVID-19 is gaining recognition, what still remains absent is the urgent discussion on intimate partner violence\u2013related acquired brain injury during these times. The potential analogous surge in intimate partner violence\u2013related acquired brain injury may have implications for both healthcare providers and healthcare actions\/policies as repeated brain injuries have been associated with residual functional deficits and chronic disability. In addition, even in the pre-pandemic times, intimate partner violence\u2013related acquired brain injury is likely unrecognized and\/or misclassified due to overlap in symptoms with other comorbid disorders. This review aimed to raise awareness about intimate partner violence\u2013related acquired brain injury within the context of COVID-19. Health actions and policies that should be considered as part of the pandemic response to minimize adverse outcomes associated with intimate partner violence\u2013related acquired brain injury have also been discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121211050197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T05:47:29Z","timestamp":1634881649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["COVID-19-induced surge in the severity of gender-based violence might increase the risk for acquired brain injuries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6286-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazala T","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2483-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica M","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo State College, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad N","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eve M","family":"Valera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20503121211050197","volume":"298","author":"Gosangi B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"bibr2-20503121211050197","unstructured":"From insights to action: gender equality in the wake of COVID-19. Digital library: publications. UN Women, https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/digital-library\/publications\/2020\/09\/gender-equality-in-the-wake-of-covid-19 (accessed 26 November 2020)."},{"key":"bibr3-20503121211050197","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). COVID-19 and your health. CDC, 2020, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/transmission\/variant.html (accessed 15 February 2021)."},{"key":"bibr4-20503121211050197","unstructured":"UK COVID-19 variant to become dominant in US by March, CDC warns, https:\/\/www.beckershospitalreview.com\/public-health\/uk-covid-19-variant-to-become-dominant-in-us-by-march-cdc-warns.html (accessed 15 February 2021)."},{"key":"bibr5-20503121211050197","unstructured":"Staff IBJ. State COVID-19 cases continue resurgence, plus 12 more deaths. Indianapolis Business Journal, https:\/\/www.ibj.com\/articles\/state-covid-19-cases-continue-climb-plus-12-more-deaths (accessed 29 July 2021)."},{"key":"bibr6-20503121211050197","volume":"368","author":"Ebrahim SH","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr7-20503121211050197","unstructured":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report: 44, https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/situation-reports\/20200304-sitrep-44-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=783b4c9d_2; https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Coronavirus+disease+2019+(COVID-19)+situation+report%E2%80%9444.+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdocs%2Fdefault-source%2Fcoronaviruse%2Fsituation-reports%2F20200304-sitrep-44-covid-19.pdf%3Fsfvrsn%3D783b4c9d_2&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS884US884&oq=Coronavirus+disease+2019+(COVID-19)+situation+report%E2%80%9444.+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdocs%2Fdefault-source%2Fcoronaviruse%2Fsituation-reports%2F20200304-sitrep-44-covid-19.pdf%3Fsfvrsn%3D783b4c9d_2&aqs=chrome.69i57.869j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8"},{"key":"bibr8-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07332-4"},{"key":"bibr9-20503121211050197","unstructured":"Are some ethnic groups more vulnerable to COVID-19 than others? https:\/\/www.ifs.org.uk\/inequality\/chapter\/are-some-ethnic-groups-more-vulnerable-to-covid-19-than-others\/ (accessed 15 February 2021)."},{"key":"bibr10-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa113"},{"key":"bibr11-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100348"},{"key":"bibr12-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1800245"},{"key":"bibr13-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.6311"},{"key":"bibr14-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61030-2"},{"key":"bibr15-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2020.104241"},{"key":"bibr16-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07043-w"},{"key":"bibr17-20503121211050197","unstructured":"O\u2019Connell S. Central Mass agencies seeing increase in help calls for domestic violence. Telegram & Gazette, https:\/\/www.telegram.com\/story\/news\/2021\/07\/28\/ywca-central-massachusetts-domestic-violence-marcia-szymansk\/5391090001\/ (accessed 29 July 2021)."},{"key":"bibr18-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsir.2020.100089"},{"key":"bibr19-20503121211050197","unstructured":"Pandemics and violence against women and children. Center for Global Development, https:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/publication\/pandemics-and-violence-against-women-and-children (accessed 17 April 2020)."},{"key":"bibr20-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.04.077"},{"key":"bibr21-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2020.105217"},{"key":"bibr22-20503121211050197","unstructured":"Images APTNS via G. Is domestic violence rising during the coronavirus shutdown? Here\u2019s what the data shows. The Marshall Project, 2020, https:\/\/www.themarshallproject.org\/2020\/04\/22\/is-domestic-violence-rising-during-the-coronavirus-shutdown-here-s-what-the-data-shows (accessed 28 April 2020)."},{"key":"bibr23-20503121211050197","unstructured":"Intimate partner violence COVID journal of Pakistan Medical Association, https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Intimate+partner+violence+COVID+journal+of+Pakistan+Medical+Association&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS884US884&oq=Intimate+partner+violence+COVID+journal+of+Pakistan+Medical+Association&aqs=chrome.69i57.14720j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8"},{"key":"bibr24-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100423"},{"key":"bibr25-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0000000000000071"},{"key":"bibr26-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2014.01.015"},{"key":"bibr27-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.4.797"},{"key":"bibr28-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717714092"},{"key":"bibr29-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2399"},{"key":"bibr30-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13218"},{"key":"bibr31-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9643-1"},{"key":"bibr32-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5734"},{"key":"bibr33-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31826da964"},{"key":"bibr34-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000145"},{"key":"bibr35-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-172298"},{"key":"bibr36-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.75"},{"key":"bibr37-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717714092"},{"key":"bibr38-20503121211050197","unstructured":"Neurological complications of repeated concussions. Concussion.org, 2019, https:\/\/www.concussion.org\/news\/neurological-complications-repeated-concussions\/ (accessed 30 July 2021)."},{"key":"bibr39-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.7299"},{"key":"bibr40-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2019.1607962"},{"key":"bibr41-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01506"},{"key":"bibr42-20503121211050197","unstructured":"LGBTQ people are more likely to experience interpersonal violence. HRC, https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/press-releases\/report-shows-lgbtq-people-are-more-likely-to-be-victims-of-interpersonal-vi (accessed 30 July 2021)."},{"key":"bibr43-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260521997939."},{"key":"bibr44-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.08.004"},{"key":"bibr45-20503121211050197","volume-title":"Preventing and addressing intimate partner violence against migrant and ethnic minority women: the role of the health sector policy brief","author":"Vives-Cases C","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr46-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v7.24815"},{"key":"bibr47-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.09.007"},{"key":"bibr48-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3579"},{"key":"bibr49-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00402-4"},{"key":"bibr50-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2019.1581864"},{"key":"bibr51-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-020-00417-0"},{"key":"bibr52-20503121211050197","unstructured":"Canadian CT and head injury\/trauma rule, MDCalc, https:\/\/www.mdcalc.com\/canadian-ct-head-injury-trauma-rule (accessed 29 July 2021)."},{"key":"bibr53-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206283"},{"key":"bibr54-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.9.FOCUS19652"},{"key":"bibr55-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.2.372"},{"key":"bibr56-20503121211050197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2021.1871951"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121211050197","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121211050197","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121211050197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:20:28Z","timestamp":1777594828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121211050197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121211050197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121211050197","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"20503121211050197"}}