{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T18:07:51Z","timestamp":1780942071402,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care (GPCC), Gothenburg, Sweden","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension are chronic diseases with a severe symptom burden. Common symptoms are dyspnoea at light activity and general fatigue that limits daily activities. Respiratory modulation by device-guided breathing decreased symptoms in patients with heart failure. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if respiratory modulation could improve symptoms of dyspnoea in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with symptoms of dyspnoea at rest or light activity performed home-based respiratory modulation by device-guided breathing 20\u2009min a day for 3\u2009months. Patients were on stable disease-specific treatment \u2a7e3\u2009months and willing to undergo all study procedures. Dyspnoea score, World Health Organization class, physical status, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, quality of life, respiratory rate and 6-min walk distance were assessed before and after 3\u2009months with respiratory modulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and five with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension completed the study protocol. Mean age was 71\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u2009years, and 11 were women. After 3\u2009months of respiratory modulation, dyspnoea score (\u22120.6, p\u2009=\u20090.014), respiratory rate at rest (\u22123 breaths\/min, p\u2009=\u20090.013), World Health Organization class (\u22120.3, p\u2009=\u20090.040), quality of life (EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale +5 points, not significant) and decreased N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (\u2212163\u2009ng\/L, p\u2009=\u20090.043) had improved. The fatigue and respiratory rate after the 6-min walk decreased while the 6-min walk distance remained unchanged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension that used device-guided breathing for 3\u2009months improved symptoms of dyspnoea and lowered the respiratory rate at rest and after exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121211053930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T09:51:36Z","timestamp":1635501096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Respiratory rate modulation improves symptoms in patients with pulmonary hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7936-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbro","family":"Kjellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Clinical Physiology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5647-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bodil","family":"Ivarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Medicine Services University Trust, Region Sk\u00e5ne, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise-Lotte","family":"Landenfelt Gestr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Unit, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Ryftenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Unit, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Nisell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Unit, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv317"},{"key":"bibr2-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773810391249"},{"key":"bibr3-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972318787906"},{"key":"bibr4-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-013-0141-0"},{"key":"bibr5-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2006.03.001"},{"key":"bibr6-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200112000-00016"},{"key":"bibr7-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015194"},{"key":"bibr8-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.06.014"},{"key":"bibr9-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2004.03553.x"},{"key":"bibr10-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr090"},{"key":"bibr11-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2016.11.001"},{"key":"bibr12-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.02.013"},{"key":"bibr13-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102"},{"issue":"140","key":"bibr14-20503121211053930","first-page":"1","volume":"22","author":"Likert R","year":"1932","journal-title":"Arch Psychol"},{"key":"bibr15-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqx063"},{"key":"bibr16-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012"},{"key":"bibr17-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"key":"bibr18-20503121211053930","unstructured":"Rabin R, Oemar M, Oppe M. EQ-5D-3L User Guide. Basic information on how to use the EQ-5D-3L instrument. Version 4.0. Rotterdam: EuroQol, 2011, p. 25."},{"key":"bibr19-20503121211053930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199711000-00002"},{"key":"bibr20-20503121211053930","unstructured":"Burstr\u00f6m K, Rehnberg C. H\u00e4lsorelaterad livskvalitet i Stockholmsl\u00e4n 2002. Resultat per \u00e5ldersgrupp och k\u00f6n, utbildningsniv\u00e5, f\u00f6delseland samt syssel-s\u00e4ttningsgrupp. Rapport 2006:1. 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