{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:07:48Z","timestamp":1791824868118,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although breast self-examination has been shown to be the least-expensive, less time-consuming, and non-invasive screening method, still there is a gap in practice. Furthermore, the information among more risky population which attends anti-retroviral therapy is too limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess breast self-examination practices and its associated factors among women who attended the anti-retroviral therapy clinic in Bahir Dar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 women who attended anti-retroviral therapy clinics from March 1 to March 30, 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were entered in to EPI data 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.00 software for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with self-breast examination. Variables with a p value less than 0.2 in bivariable regression were candidates for multivariable regression. Adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence intervals and p values less than 0.05 were used to determine the association between independent and dependent variables. Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow Test was used to determine model fitness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 641 study participants, 224 (34.9%) have ever practiced breast self-examination. Women who attended college or above (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20094.04, 95% confidence interval (1.65,9.90)), rich (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20096.64, 95% confidence interval (2.72,16.20)), knowledgeable about signs and symptoms of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20095.13, 95% confidence interval ( 2.55,10.31)), risk factors for breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20093.62, 95% confidence interval (1.85,7.07)), positive attitude toward breast self-examination (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20092.76,95% confidence interval (1.41,11.84)), family history of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20093.68,95% confidence interval (1.14,11.84)), and knowledge about breast self-examination technique (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20092.64, 95% confidence interval (1.23,5.66)) had higher odds of breast self-examination practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The practice of breast self-examination was low. During their regular visits for other issues, education and information dissemination about the benefits and techniques of self-breast examination is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221124948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T08:58:24Z","timestamp":1663664304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Breast self-examination and its associated factors among women who attended anti-retroviral therapy clinic in Bahir Dar city administration, North West Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Betelhem","family":"Wondie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanu","family":"Aragaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizachew","family":"Worku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7947-115X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigus","family":"Kassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3506209"},{"key":"bibr2-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(01)00122-8"},{"key":"bibr3-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v4.i3.209"},{"key":"bibr4-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0344"},{"key":"bibr5-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v4.i3.209"},{"key":"bibr6-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_147_17"},{"key":"bibr7-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmbs.ijmbs_16_17"},{"key":"bibr8-20503121221124948","unstructured":"American Cancer Society, Inc., Surveillance Research\u00a9 2019, https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/research\/cancer-facts-statistics\/all-cancer-facts-figures\/cancer-facts-figures-2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr9-20503121221124948","first-page":"147","volume":"15","author":"Murray M","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"bibr10-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21446"},{"key":"bibr11-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"bibr12-20503121221124948","unstructured":"Global Cancer Statistics 2018. Region-Specific Incidence and Mortality Age-Standardized Rates for Cancers of the Female Breast, 2018. https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"bibr13-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21551"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr14-20503121221124948","first-page":"10","volume":"55","author":"Reddy P","year":"2017","journal-title":"S Afr J Surg"},{"key":"bibr15-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-014-0219-7"},{"key":"bibr16-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JGO.2016.006585"},{"key":"bibr17-20503121221124948","volume-title":"Breast cancer: prevention control","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr18-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41271-016-0002-7"},{"key":"bibr19-20503121221124948","unstructured":"FMOH. National cancer control plan, 2016-2020. International Cancer Control Partnership (ICCP), 2015, https:\/\/www.iccp-portal.org\/sites\/default\/files\/plans\/NCCP%20Ethiopia%20Final%20261015.pdf"},{"key":"bibr20-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8026297"},{"key":"bibr21-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-015-0087-7"},{"key":"bibr22-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.33.144.18062"},{"key":"bibr23-20503121221124948","unstructured":"Aman S. Breast self examination practice and associated factors among women seeking care in public health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6756780\/"},{"key":"bibr24-20503121221124948","unstructured":"Frealem S. Practice of breast self examination and associated factors among women attending health services in selected public health facilities in Dire Dawa town, Ethiopia, 2018, http:\/\/213.55.95.56\/handle\/123456789\/13803"},{"key":"bibr25-20503121221124948","unstructured":"Dagne AH, Ayele AD, Assefa EM, et al. Assesment of breast self examination practice and associated factors among female workers in Debre Tabour town public health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018, https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0221356"},{"key":"bibr26-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000116"},{"key":"bibr27-20503121221124948","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick BG","year":"2007","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr28-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221356"},{"key":"bibr29-20503121221124948","first-page":"51","volume":"17","author":"Hassan MR","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malaysia J Public Med Health"},{"key":"bibr30-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/ejbh.2017.3230"},{"key":"bibr31-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21276\/apjhs.2017.4.3.12"},{"key":"bibr32-20503121221124948","unstructured":"Mesfin T, Dagne M, Amdemichael R, et al. Breast self-examination: knowledge, attitude, and practice among female health science students at Adama Science and Technology, 2014, https:\/\/www.longdom.org\/abstract\/breast-selfexamination-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-among-female-health-science-students-at-adama-science-and-technol-40555.html"},{"key":"bibr33-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3731-9"},{"key":"bibr34-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20173830"},{"key":"bibr35-20503121221124948","first-page":"90","volume":"1","author":"Arshbaf-Khalili A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crescent J Med Biol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr36-20503121221124948","first-page":"37","volume":"6","author":"Ayed A","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Educ Pract"},{"key":"bibr37-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-020-01042-1"},{"key":"bibr38-20503121221124948","unstructured":"Tesfaye H. Knowledge attitude and practices on breast self-examination for breast cancer among women in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia, 2014, https:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/proceedings\/knowledge-attitude-and-practices-on-breast-selfexamination-for-breast-cancer-among-women-in-tigray-region-northern-ethio-65361.html"},{"key":"bibr39-20503121221124948","unstructured":"Bisrat T. Predictors of Breast Self-Examination among Female Secondary School Teachers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using the Health Belief Model, http:\/\/213.55.95.56\/handle\/123456789\/13532"},{"issue":"3878","key":"bibr40-20503121221124948","first-page":"1","volume":"102","author":"Al Odwan M","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Royal Med Serv"},{"key":"bibr41-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0695-9"},{"key":"bibr42-20503121221124948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.11.002"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121221124948","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121221124948","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121221124948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:23:51Z","timestamp":1777595031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121221124948"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121221124948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121221124948","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"article-number":"20503121221124948"}}