{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:05:55Z","timestamp":1792368355012,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considered the second biggest tragedy with fatal victims caused by fire, the Kiss nightclub fire tragedy that occurred in the interior of southern Brazil brought several problems to survivors. It is reported that 30\u201340% of victims of disasters can develop post-traumatic stress disorder. Application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has shown promising results in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Transcranial direct current stimulation similar to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, a neuromodulation technique, has shown promise in treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A clinical trial was conducted from March 2015 to July 2016 in \u201cKISS nightclub fire\u201d disaster patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder without complete remission of symptoms, over 18\u2009years, and who maintained pharmacological treatment. Treatment was given using electrodes as cathode (right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and anode (contralateral deltoid muscle); a current of 2\u2009mA was used for 25\u2009cm\u00b2 area (0.08\u2009mA\/cm\u00b2 current density); 30\u2009min once a day for 10\u2009days continuously. Patients assessed pre- and post-intervention, 30\u2009days\u2019 and 90\u2009days\u2019 post-intervention. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Civilian version, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scale were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred forty-five subjects were screened and eight analyzed; 87.5% were female; 30.88\u2009\u00b1\u20097.74\u2009years were of mean age. Post-intervention results: no cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), 60% reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (moderate depression turns normal) ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), 54.39% Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale reduction (moderate-to-severe symptoms turn into mild symptoms) ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and 20% Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Civilian version scale decrease (high severity post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms turn moderate to moderately high severity) ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms improvement was maintained 30-days post-intervention (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Civilian version, p\u2009=\u20090.025) and improvement in symptoms of depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, p\u2009=\u20090.006) and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, p\u2009=\u20090.028) in 90\u2009days post-intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite decrease over time, improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms was maintained throughout the first month after treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation adjuvant can be an alternative treatment to refractory post-traumatic stress disorder, either as monotherapy or as treatment enhancement strategy. They can also be an option for patients who do not want or do not tolerate pharmacological management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231160953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T06:36:05Z","timestamp":1679726165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in \u201cKiss nightclub fire\u201d patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A phase II clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kathy Aleixo dos Santos","family":"Marcolin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"},{"name":"Psychiatrist, Psychiatry Service of University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngelo Batista Miralha","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Medicine School of Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Capparros","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatrist, Psychiatry Service of University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1401-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiango Aguiar","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine School of Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12820"},{"key":"bibr2-20503121231160953","first-page":"5","volume":"6","author":"Hunter SR","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"bibr3-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3339"},{"key":"bibr4-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0655-0"},{"key":"bibr5-20503121231160953","first-page":"2","volume":"3","author":"Javidi H","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"bibr6-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012"},{"key":"bibr7-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jphp.2009.21"},{"key":"bibr8-20503121231160953","volume-title":"VA\/DOD clinical practice guideline for the management of posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder","author":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr9-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.47.4.h"},{"key":"bibr10-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2005.01651.x"},{"key":"bibr11-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.12.004"},{"key":"bibr12-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004"},{"key":"bibr13-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v2i0.5609"},{"key":"bibr14-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.03.002"},{"key":"bibr15-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21104"},{"key":"bibr16-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2013.11.2.96"},{"key":"bibr17-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.015"},{"key":"bibr18-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.3.276"},{"key":"bibr19-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.02.002"},{"key":"bibr20-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830150057010"},{"key":"bibr21-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48320.x"},{"key":"bibr22-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830050014003"},{"key":"bibr23-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20837"},{"key":"bibr24-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"bibr25-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0047-2085000000036"},{"key":"bibr26-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.04.028"},{"key":"bibr27-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"bibr28-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqv054"},{"key":"bibr29-20503121231160953","volume-title":"Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov test: overview","author":"Berger VW"},{"key":"bibr30-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9473(00)00041-4"},{"key":"bibr31-20503121231160953","volume":"349","author":"Sedgwick P","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr32-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00016-X"},{"key":"bibr33-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.3.515"},{"key":"bibr34-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707007833"},{"key":"bibr35-20503121231160953","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Manual diagn\u00f3stico e estat\u00edstico de transtornos mentais DSM-5","author":"Association AP","year":"2014","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr36-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.09.006"},{"key":"bibr37-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamapsychiatry.32"},{"key":"bibr38-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00291.x"},{"key":"bibr39-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.097634"},{"key":"bibr40-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.09.026"},{"key":"bibr41-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.07.014"},{"key":"bibr42-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2015.1045522"},{"key":"bibr43-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-108"},{"key":"bibr44-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.03.003"},{"key":"bibr45-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2334-6"},{"key":"bibr46-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-12-2"},{"key":"bibr47-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.11.003"},{"key":"bibr48-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-5-29"},{"key":"bibr49-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00248"},{"key":"bibr50-20503121231160953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf238"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231160953","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121231160953","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231160953","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:25:12Z","timestamp":1777595112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121231160953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121231160953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121231160953","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"20503121231160953"}}