{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:48:04Z","timestamp":1777880884009,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Temperature monitoring is essential for assessing neonates and providing appropriate neonatal thermal care. Thermoneutrality is defined as the environmental temperature range within which the oxygen and metabolic consumptions are minimum to maintain normal body temperature. When neonates are in an environment below thermoneutral temperature, they respond by vasoconstriction to minimise heat losses, followed by a rise in metabolic rate to increase heat production. This condition, physiologically termed cold stress, usually occurs before hypothermia. In addition to standard axillary or rectal temperature monitoring by a thermometer, cold stress can be detected by monitoring peripheral hand or foot temperature, even by hand-touch. However, this simple method remains undervalued and generally recommended only as a second and lesser choice in clinical practice. This review presents the concepts of thermoneutrality and cold stress and highlights the importance of early detection of cold stress before hypothermia occurs. The authors suggest systematic clinical determination of hand and foot temperatures by hand-touch for early detection of physiological cold stress, in addition to monitoring core temperature for detection of established hypothermia, particularly in low-resource settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231172866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T08:01:41Z","timestamp":1684137701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early detection of cold stress to prevent hypothermia: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5539-1828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiko","family":"Kyokan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Bochaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veena","family":"Jirapaet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo E","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20503121231172866","unstructured":"UNICEF: WHO: World Bank: UN DESA. Levels & trends in child mortality 2021, https:\/\/www.who.Int\/publications\/m\/item\/levels-and-trends-in-child-mortality-report-2021 (2021, accessed 4 December 2022)."},{"key":"bibr2-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.110120"},{"key":"bibr3-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmz086"},{"key":"bibr4-20503121231172866","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Managing newborn problems: a guide for doctors, nurses, and midwives. Integrated management of pregnancy and childbirth. Geneva: World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/42753 (2003, accessed 18 February 2023)."},{"key":"bibr5-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02024-w"},{"key":"bibr6-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-24"},{"key":"bibr7-20503121231172866","volume-title":"WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight infant","author":"World Health Orgnatization","year":"2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr8-20503121231172866","first-page":"1367","volume":"26","author":"Zayeri F","year":"2005","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"bibr9-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2007.13.6.1308"},{"key":"bibr10-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-8-40"},{"key":"bibr11-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2004.0486"},{"key":"bibr12-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-43"},{"key":"bibr13-20503121231172866","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"Demtse AG","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr Heal"},{"key":"bibr14-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.nainr.2012.03.001"},{"key":"bibr15-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.nainr.2014.03.008"},{"key":"bibr16-20503121231172866","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Thermal protection of the newborn: a practical guide, https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/63986\/WHO_RHT_MSM_97.2.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (1997, accessed 18 February 2023)."},{"key":"bibr17-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1966.tb17657.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr18-20503121231172866","first-page":"245","volume":"51","author":"IUPS Thermal Commission","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr19-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2012.08.004"},{"key":"bibr20-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78598-9_3"},{"key":"bibr21-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104959"},{"key":"bibr22-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/38.1.41"},{"key":"bibr23-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.161158"},{"key":"bibr24-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2022-001606"},{"key":"bibr25-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/9781610025256"},{"key":"bibr26-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12021"},{"key":"bibr27-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e3181ef7de2"},{"key":"bibr28-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800420969865"},{"key":"bibr29-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-747602-5.50008-3"},{"key":"bibr30-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2316-7_21"},{"key":"bibr31-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2009.110"},{"key":"bibr32-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e318229aa8f"},{"key":"bibr33-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.15"},{"key":"bibr34-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020707"},{"key":"bibr35-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0099-6"},{"key":"bibr36-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01531.x"},{"key":"bibr37-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2007.047"},{"key":"bibr38-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4053195"},{"key":"bibr39-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1088502"},{"key":"bibr40-20503121231172866","volume-title":"Textbook of medical physiology","author":"Guyton A","year":"2013","edition":"12"},{"key":"bibr41-20503121231172866","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Neonatal intensive care nursing","author":"Fellows P","year":"2010","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr42-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14326\/abe.7.88"},{"key":"bibr43-20503121231172866","unstructured":"Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. How is body temperature regulated and what is fever? https:\/\/www.informedhealth.org\/how-is-body-temperature-regulated-and-what-is-fever.html (2016, accessed 18 February 2023)."},{"key":"bibr44-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000390678.95642.7f"},{"key":"bibr45-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.088831"},{"key":"bibr46-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/S1527-3369(03)00123-5"},{"key":"bibr47-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3670-5"},{"key":"bibr48-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/adnc.2002.33543"},{"key":"bibr49-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2011.09.002"},{"key":"bibr50-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000495437"},{"key":"bibr51-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00126.2014"},{"key":"bibr52-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BMT.2011.108"},{"key":"bibr53-20503121231172866","volume-title":"Nursing guidelines on the care of infants with thermoregulation instability","author":"Morrin E","year":"2017","edition":"3"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr54-20503121231172866","first-page":"1178","volume":"29","author":"Singh M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"bibr55-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.086165"},{"key":"bibr56-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmm098"},{"key":"bibr57-20503121231172866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmq084"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231172866","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121231172866","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231172866","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:25:37Z","timestamp":1777595137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121231172866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121231172866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121231172866","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"20503121231172866"}}