{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T12:33:26Z","timestamp":1787834006157,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the previous three decades, the prevalence and growth of overweight and obese status has risen relentlessly in both the general population and pregnant women. This rise is seen in both higher pre-pregnancy body mass index measurements along with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Maternal obesity has been shown to exacerbate co-morbidities such as insulin resistance, pregnancy induced hypertension, and infectious states in parturient mothers. These changes have been shown to subsequently increase rates of fetal anomalies and affect fetal growth, as well as various aspects of the delivery such as rates of instrumented vaginal deliveries and an increase in delivery by cesarean section. Maternal obesity increases fetal birth weight, influences the delivery room resuscitation of the neonate by increasing the need for respiratory support, and increases the risk of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. This review also looks at recent studies revealing the strong association between maternal and offspring obesity and other long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of offspring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231176128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T02:18:22Z","timestamp":1685413102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Maternal obesity: Perinatal implications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9156-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Rijhsinghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X"},{"key":"bibr2-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202183"},{"key":"bibr3-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.39"},{"key":"bibr4-20503121231176128","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Defining adult overweight & obesity. June 2021 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/adult\/defining.html (accessed 20 December 2021)."},{"key":"bibr5-20503121231176128","volume-title":"BMI classification percentile and cut off points","author":"Weir CB","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr6-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00312-5"},{"key":"bibr7-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.113"},{"key":"bibr8-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.818654"},{"key":"bibr9-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2563"},{"key":"bibr10-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23113"},{"key":"bibr11-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2016.04.005"},{"key":"bibr12-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.146"},{"key":"bibr13-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.05.017"},{"key":"bibr14-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3543-x"},{"key":"bibr15-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2014.08.011"},{"key":"bibr16-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0048"},{"key":"bibr17-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2399"},{"key":"bibr18-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab029"},{"key":"bibr19-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000153491.09525.dd"},{"key":"bibr20-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.13.1564-c"},{"key":"bibr21-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2021.07.014"},{"key":"bibr22-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.892069"},{"key":"bibr23-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340801899289"},{"key":"bibr24-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00154-4"},{"key":"bibr25-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4573-8"},{"key":"bibr26-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/640291"},{"key":"bibr27-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1163679"},{"key":"bibr28-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30479-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr29-20503121231176128","first-page":"292","volume":"6","author":"Radulescu L","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"bibr30-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1773427"},{"key":"bibr31-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.05.002"},{"key":"bibr32-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1648420"},{"key":"bibr33-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30173-0"},{"key":"bibr34-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801153380302"},{"key":"bibr35-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00437.x"},{"key":"bibr36-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2269"},{"key":"bibr37-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.16021"},{"key":"bibr38-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.06.004"},{"key":"bibr39-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100041"},{"key":"bibr40-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2018.05.004"},{"key":"bibr41-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30879-3"},{"key":"bibr42-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02593.x"},{"key":"bibr43-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12288"},{"key":"bibr44-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2559a"},{"key":"bibr45-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00541.x"},{"key":"bibr46-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3985-5"},{"key":"bibr47-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2006.00676.x"},{"key":"bibr48-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/214365"},{"key":"bibr49-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3093"},{"key":"bibr50-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.06.060"},{"key":"bibr51-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.007"},{"key":"bibr52-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2019.09.010"},{"key":"bibr53-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0306"},{"key":"bibr54-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371628"},{"key":"bibr55-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.02978.x"},{"key":"bibr56-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14381"},{"key":"bibr57-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-23"},{"key":"bibr58-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4206-6"},{"key":"bibr59-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1536"},{"key":"bibr60-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1393"},{"key":"bibr61-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.02.004"},{"key":"bibr62-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003335"},{"key":"bibr63-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.01.019"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr64-20503121231176128","first-page":"e10736","volume":"12","author":"Pavlik LB","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr65-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04236-z"},{"key":"bibr66-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31822a6c59"},{"key":"bibr67-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01048.x"},{"key":"bibr68-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000223871.69852.31"},{"key":"bibr69-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000177972.32941.65"},{"key":"bibr70-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1280852"},{"key":"bibr71-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0693-y"},{"key":"bibr72-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216157"},{"key":"bibr73-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.02.011"},{"key":"bibr74-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015630"},{"key":"bibr75-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.06.085"},{"key":"bibr76-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.05.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr77-20503121231176128","first-page":"97","volume":"70","author":"Crawforth K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"bibr78-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050903118270"},{"key":"bibr79-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0144-5"},{"key":"bibr80-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.0945"},{"key":"bibr81-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77429-9"},{"key":"bibr82-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79178-1"},{"key":"bibr83-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000107291.46159.00"},{"key":"bibr84-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2009.11.002"},{"key":"bibr85-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256725"},{"key":"bibr86-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051676"},{"key":"bibr87-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.01.044"},{"key":"bibr88-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.112250"},{"key":"bibr89-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa035"},{"key":"bibr90-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12125"},{"key":"bibr91-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.170928"},{"key":"bibr92-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2012.00439.x"},{"key":"bibr93-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-7-9"},{"key":"bibr94-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13147"},{"key":"bibr95-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13151"},{"key":"bibr96-20503121231176128","volume-title":"Short-term effects of breastfeeding: a systematic review on the benefits of breastfeeding on diarrhoea and pneumonia mortality","author":"Horta BL","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr97-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000453"},{"key":"bibr98-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13139"},{"key":"bibr99-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13133"},{"key":"bibr100-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01024-7"},{"key":"bibr101-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13132"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr102-20503121231176128","first-page":"26","volume":"117","author":"Ardic C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"key":"bibr103-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.e29"},{"key":"bibr104-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2010.0419"},{"key":"bibr105-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1808"},{"key":"bibr106-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002817"},{"key":"bibr107-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002744"},{"key":"bibr108-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.09.006"},{"key":"bibr109-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.070060"},{"key":"bibr110-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2014.919728"},{"key":"bibr111-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30273-6"},{"key":"bibr112-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061627"},{"key":"bibr113-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2015.1004360"},{"key":"bibr114-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f4539"},{"key":"bibr115-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12643"},{"key":"bibr116-20503121231176128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.140"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231176128","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121231176128","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231176128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:25:43Z","timestamp":1777595143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121231176128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121231176128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121231176128","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"20503121231176128"}}