{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:23:35Z","timestamp":1790173415236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Avoiding inadvertent hypothermia during surgery is important. Intravenous fluid warmers used intraoperatively are critical for maintaining euthermia. We sought to prospectively evaluate the performance of the parylene-coated enFlow\u2122 intravenous fluid warmer in patients undergoing surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective two-center observational clinical trial performed in inpatient surgical services of two large academic hospital systems. After written informed consent, patients were enrolled in the trial. All patients were adults scheduled for a surgery that was expected to last for at least 1\u2009h with the administration of at least 1\u2009L of fluid warmed prior to infusion. Patient temperature was recorded in the preoperative unit, at the induction of anesthesia, and then every 15 or 30\u2009min until the end of surgery. Temperature monitoring continued in the recovery unit. The parylene-coated enFlow\u2122 intravenous fluid warmer was used in addition to the usual patient warming techniques. The primary outcome was the average core temperature, and secondary analyses assessed individual temperature measurements, temperature measurements during specific time periods, and rate of hypothermic events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all, 50 patients (29 males) with a mean age of 64\u2009years were included in the analysis. The mean surgical time was 195\u2009min and patients received an average of 1142\u2009mL of fluids. Core temperature dropped by only 0.3\u00b0C approximately 60\u2009min after induction and recovered back to the baseline level approximately 60\u2009min later. There was no correlation between flow rate and measured core body temperature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The parylene-coated enFlow intravenous fluid warmer was able to warm fluids at all flow rates during prolonged surgery. The results showed that enFlow performed as expected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231182517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T08:12:05Z","timestamp":1691568725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Verification of an intravenous fluid warmer: A prospective, two-center observational trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mikko","family":"Lax","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seppo T.","family":"Mustola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimmo","family":"Repo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"J\u00e4rvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle K.","family":"Bayoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs, Vyaire Medical, Mettawa, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Cataldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, CareMount Medical PC, Mount Kisco, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5953-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viivi","family":"Karhinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinius Ltd., Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7086-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward A.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs, Vyaire Medical, Mettawa, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Groepenhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs, Vyaire Medical, Mettawa, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas D.","family":"Waldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs, Vyaire Medical, Mettawa, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2009.07.002"},{"key":"bibr2-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1161-8"},{"key":"bibr3-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.026"},{"key":"bibr4-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12067"},{"key":"bibr5-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr6-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2015.03.002"},{"key":"bibr7-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aorn.2016.12.002"},{"key":"bibr8-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540380041029"},{"key":"bibr9-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199310000-00010"},{"key":"bibr10-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199308000-00005"},{"key":"bibr11-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605093341901"},{"key":"bibr12-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000296719.73450.52"},{"key":"bibr13-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2008.07.005"},{"key":"bibr14-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009891.pub2"},{"key":"bibr15-20503121231182517","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Vyaire Medical recalls the enFlow Fluid Warming System Disposable Cartridges due to potential risk of exposure to elevated levels of aluminium Exposure to Patients. [updated 6\/27\/2019]. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/medical-device-recalls\/vyaire-medical-recalls-enflow-fluid-warming-system-disposable-cartridges-due-potential-risk-exposure (accessed 13 March 2019)."},{"key":"bibr16-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01585-w"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr17-20503121231182517","first-page":"4","volume":"2","author":"Bayoro DK","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"bibr18-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14743"},{"key":"bibr19-20503121231182517","unstructured":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. EnFlow\u00ae IV fluid and blood warmer \u2013 risk of unsafe levels of aluminium leaching from the device (MDA\/2019\/015). https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/drug-device-alerts\/enflow-iv-fluid-and-blood-warmer-risk-of-unsafe-levels-of-aluminium-leaching-from-the-device-mda-2019-015 (2019)."},{"key":"bibr20-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01378-7"},{"key":"bibr21-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1126"},{"key":"bibr22-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121211026849"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr23-20503121231182517","first-page":"457","volume":"29","author":"Elia N","year":"2012","journal-title":"LWW"},{"key":"bibr24-20503121231182517","unstructured":"STROBE: Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology. https:\/\/www.strobe-statement.org"},{"key":"bibr25-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000319"},{"key":"bibr26-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-019-00411-y"},{"key":"bibr27-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4974-0_45"},{"key":"bibr28-20503121231182517","unstructured":"Medical; V. enFlow IV fluid and blood warmer: System manual 2015, 10 April 2023, https:\/\/www.vyaire.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-03\/Enflow-user-manual.pdf (accessed 2023)."},{"key":"bibr29-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200010000-00039"},{"key":"bibr30-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14103"},{"key":"bibr31-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-014-1820-z"},{"key":"bibr32-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742645605000045"},{"key":"bibr33-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31824a7943"},{"key":"bibr34-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2020.0036"},{"key":"bibr35-20503121231182517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12415"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231182517","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121231182517","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231182517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:25:58Z","timestamp":1777595158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121231182517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121231182517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121231182517","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"20503121231182517"}}