{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:29:47Z","timestamp":1790728187739,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The continuing COVID-19 pandemic is a coronavirus-related health emergency (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Inadequate efforts are still being made to address the illness situation in Libya, and this must change. To address these issues, we looked into the demography and trend of the disease as well as the potential risk factors for infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study is a retrospective case\u2013control study conducted online among 616 COVID-19 patients. The p\n                      <jats:sub>0.05<\/jats:sub>\n                      value, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and analyzed from the drawn data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Males were at high risk of COVID-19 than females (odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.042\u20131.622; p\u2009=\u20090.02). Anosmia and ageusia were more prominent in females. Patients with an \u201cAB\u201d blood group are significantly susceptible to infection. Adults (31 and above) are highly liable to infection. The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking is a risk factor for those above 60\u2009years (odds ratio\u2009=\u20092.228, 95% confidence interval: 1.145\u20134.336; p\u2009=\u20090.018). Individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes and\/or hypertension are more prone to COVID-19 (odds ratio\u2009=\u200910.045, 95% confidence interval: 3.078\u201332.794; p\u2009=\u20090.000 and odds ratio\u2009=\u200911.508, 95% confidence interval: 3.930\u201333.695; p\u2009=\u20090.000, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provided for the first time the demographic data and the trend of COVID-19 infection in Libya, which will assist the stakeholders and governmental bodies in planning protection strategies against the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231187736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T03:10:06Z","timestamp":1689909006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of ABO blood types and clinical variables with COVID-19 infection severity in Libya"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sara A","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayam A","family":"Elawamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Technology, Benghazi, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negia AE","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enas H","family":"Abduallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tobruk, Tobruk, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habsa AA","family":"Amshahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sirte University, Sirte, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadir K","family":"Abuzaeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory of Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed AM","family":"Eisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Al Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6619-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makarim Elfadil M","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Proteomics and Glycoproteins, Biotechnology Park, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emadeldin Hassan E","family":"Konozy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Proteomics and Glycoproteins, Biotechnology Park, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karary University, Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30800-8"},{"key":"bibr2-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00396"},{"key":"bibr3-20503121231187736","first-page":"100763","volume":"38","author":"Taha SAH","year":"2020","journal-title":"NMNI"},{"key":"bibr4-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104485"},{"key":"bibr5-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-4511"},{"key":"bibr6-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17170"},{"key":"bibr7-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.265066"},{"key":"bibr8-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15946"},{"key":"bibr9-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.857965"},{"key":"bibr10-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/epidemiologia4010007"},{"key":"bibr11-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105658"},{"key":"bibr12-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04489-w"},{"key":"bibr13-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2020283"},{"key":"bibr14-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00404"},{"key":"bibr15-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.957913"},{"key":"bibr16-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30714-9"},{"key":"bibr17-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XCE.0000000000000213"},{"key":"bibr18-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.019"},{"key":"bibr19-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43042-020-00097-x"},{"key":"bibr20-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2021.07.006"},{"key":"bibr21-20503121231187736","first-page":"3926","volume":"9","author":"Abuawwad MT","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"bibr22-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_2042_21","volume":"25","author":"Turhan A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"bibr23-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12081157"},{"key":"bibr24-20503121231187736","unstructured":"Organization WH. Weekly epidemiological update-8 December 2020, https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/weekly-epidemiological-update-8-december-2020 (2020, accessed Jan 03 2021)."},{"key":"bibr25-20503121231187736","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Libya:\n                      Health response to COVID-19 in Libya, update # 14 (Reporting period: August 20 to September 2, 2020)\n                      . Libya: OCHA services [Online], pp. 1\u20135. https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/libya\/who-libya-health-response-covid-19-libya-update-14-reporting-period-20-august-2 (2020, accessed April 19 2023)."},{"key":"bibr26-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118162934"},{"key":"bibr27-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045"},{"key":"bibr28-20503121231187736","author":"Krueger LJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"bibr29-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws412"},{"key":"bibr30-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10060434"},{"key":"bibr31-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00341-w"},{"key":"bibr32-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00330-7"},{"key":"bibr33-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02147"},{"key":"bibr34-20503121231187736","first-page":"102","volume":"51","author":"Alsolamy S","year":"2015","journal-title":"CJRT"},{"key":"bibr35-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2006392117"},{"key":"bibr36-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00152"},{"key":"bibr37-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-02483-2"},{"key":"bibr38-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.04.020"},{"key":"bibr39-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186581"},{"key":"bibr40-20503121231187736","first-page":"142","volume":"43","author":"Cakir M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Erciyes Medical J"},{"key":"bibr41-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19623-x"},{"key":"bibr42-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1472"},{"key":"bibr43-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221095413"},{"key":"bibr44-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2021.103224"},{"key":"bibr45-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.656"},{"key":"bibr46-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17202"},{"key":"bibr47-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1045060"},{"key":"bibr48-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.767771"},{"key":"bibr49-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100763"},{"key":"bibr50-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2021.100934"},{"key":"bibr51-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221110493"},{"key":"bibr52-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.04.002"},{"key":"bibr53-20503121231187736","volume":"35","author":"Lee Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"bibr54-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102581"},{"key":"bibr55-20503121231187736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3377"},{"key":"bibr56-20503121231187736","author":"UNESCO","year":"2023","journal-title":"Institute of statistics: Libya, education and literacy, literacy rate"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231187736","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121231187736","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121231187736","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:26:01Z","timestamp":1777595161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121231187736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121231187736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121231187736","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"20503121231187736"}}