{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:53:58Z","timestamp":1789509238704,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms potentially related to central sensitisation (CS) in patients with spinal pain and explore its association with patient-reported treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed as a single-centre prospective cohort study evaluating 496 patients undergoing surgical and non-surgical management for spinal pain between 2020 and 2023. Patients with symptoms lasting more than three months were assessed for symptoms associated with CS using the validated Central Sensitisation Inventory (CSI) before treatment. Treatment satisfaction was then assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Complete data on patient demographics were available for 492 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of a CSI score of 40+ was 49.9%. Non-surgical patients had a higher median CSI score (42, IQR: 32\u201349) compared to surgical patients (34.5, IQR: 24\u201348) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). A moderate negative correlation was found between CSI scores and Likert scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.69,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that both treatment type and CSI scoring significantly impacted satisfaction scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Logistic regression revealed that higher CSI scores (40+) decreased treatment satisfaction (OR\u2009=\u20090.09) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Where post-treatment patient-reported outcome scores were available, the cohort of patients with CSI\u2a7e40 compared to the &lt;40 cohort had a lower proportion of patients who achieved minimum clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptom state for both Neck Disability Index and Oswestry Disability Index (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, high CSI scores were common in patients with chronic spinal pain and were significantly associated with treatment dissatisfaction. Higher CSI scores should be considered when selecting treatment and managing patient expectations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121251387062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T01:39:21Z","timestamp":1760837961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of central sensitisation associated symptoms and associations with treatment outcomes in surgical, interventional and injection-based treatment for patients with chronic spinal pain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-3914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Giuseppe","family":"Zotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Australia"},{"name":"Back\/Neck, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keenan","family":"Janfada-Balov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5745-5231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William Roger","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Rathbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Stirling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105886"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2021.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000113"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"409","article-title":"The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity [published correction appears in J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1992;15(1):following 408]","volume":"14","author":"Vernon H","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity [published correction appears in J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1992;15(1):following 408]. 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