{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T12:16:18Z","timestamp":1778156178938,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conflict-affected regions such as Syria, where health systems are severely disrupted, first aid training for laypersons is a critical intervention to reduce preventable mortality. This study aimed to evaluate Post-training theoretical knowledge of Syrian university students regarding the principles of First Aid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An interventional training study was conducted in Swaida, Syria, in April 2025. University students (n=98 enrolled, n=55 analyzed) participated in a 10-hour, evidence-based course aligned with international guidelines. Post-training knowledge was assessed using a validated 14-question instrument. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman\u2019s correlation).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants demonstrated a high level of post-course knowledge, with a median score of 13 (IQR: 12-13) and 75% scoring above 12 points. No statistically significant differences in scores were found between students from different faculties (p=0.051) or between those with and without prior training (p=0.461). A moderate positive correlation existed between academic year and test score (r=0.425, p&lt;0.01). The most frequent knowledge gaps pertained to the management of shock and poisoning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A structured first aid course is important for theoretical knowledge among students in a conflict setting, demonstrating potential to build equitable, community-level emergency response capacity. These findings support the strategic integration of context-adapted first aid education into public health initiatives in crisis-affected regions to strengthen resilience and mitigate the health consequences of conflict.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121261449059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:17:57Z","timestamp":1777933077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First aid training in conflict zones: An interventional training study and a post-training knowledge assessment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kinan","family":"Jafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Damascus University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Janoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Damascus University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Sheikh Sobeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hama University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9028-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rawan","family":"Al-Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homs University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omran","family":"Janoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Damascus University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","article-title":"International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations","volume":"142","author":"Singletary EM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singletary EM, Zideman DA, Bendall JC, et al. International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation [Internet]. 2020 ; 142(16_suppl_1). [cited 2025 May 10]Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000897","journal-title":"Circulation [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001281"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.4547"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","article-title":"First aid training for laypeople. Cochrane Central Editorial Service","author":"Kendall I","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kendall I, Laermans J, D\u2019aes T, et al. First aid training for laypeople. Cochrane Central Editorial Service, editor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2025 (8). [cited 2026 Feb 4]Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD015538.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31277-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201510-661PS"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000028"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2022.2100245"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423624000033"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","article-title":"Initial assessment and treatment with the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure (ABCDE) approach","volume":"117","author":"Thim T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thim T, Krarup G, Rohde L. Initial assessment and treatment with the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure (ABCDE) approach. Int J Gen Med 2012; 117.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000066"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001288"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","article-title":"AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"148","author":"Virani SS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, et al. AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation [Internet] 2023; 148(9), [cited 2025 May 10]Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001168","journal-title":"Circulation [Internet]"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","article-title":"AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"144","author":"Gulati M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation [Internet] 2021; 144(22), [cited 2025 May 10]Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001029","journal-title":"Circulation [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","article-title":"Clinical guidelines - Diagnosis and treatment manual","author":"Dubois G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dubois G, Vasseur-Binachon B, Yoshimoto C. Clinical guidelines - Diagnosis and treatment manual. MSF.org, 2022. Available from: https:\/\/medicalguidelines.msf.org\/en\/viewport\/CG\/english\/acute-upper-airway-obstruction-16685571.html","journal-title":"MSF.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029651"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064851"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20154667"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2024.100518"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.01.025"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","article-title":"American Heart Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid","volume":"150","author":"Hewett Brumberg EK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hewett Brumberg EK, Douma MJ, Alibertis K, et al. American Heart Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid. Circulation [Internet] 2024; 150(24), [cited 2026 Feb 5]Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001281","journal-title":"Circulation [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2025.2506017"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027051"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9782"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12373"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4467-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224257"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.20.270249"}],"container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121261449059","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121261449059","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121261449059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:46:18Z","timestamp":1778154378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121261449059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121261449059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121261449059","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"article-number":"20503121261449059"}}