{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T08:03:17Z","timestamp":1779782597823,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal anesthesia is a widely preferred anesthetic technique for cesarean section but often leads to adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia, and shivering, which are primarily attributed to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Since abdominal circumference correlates with intra-abdominal pressure in parturients, the objective is to investigate how abdominal circumference influences the spread of intrathecal heavy bupivacaine following spinal anesthesia during cesarean section.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 78 pregnant women with singleton gestation undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Preoperative parturient abdominal circumference was measured. Lumbar puncture was performed at the L3-L4 interspinous space using a Quincke 25-gauge spinal needle with a midline approach in the sitting position, followed by the intrathecal administration of 2 mL of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine. The cephalic spread of local anesthetic was assessed by evaluating the dermatomal level of cold-sensation loss at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes following spinal anesthesia. Kendall\u2019s tau correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between parturient abdominal circumference and the sensory block level at various time intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No correlation was found between parturient abdominal circumference and the level of loss of cold sensation at various time intervals. The incidence rates of adverse effects were as follows: hypotension (44.4%), bradycardia (4.2%), nausea (4.2%), vomiting (2.8%), and shivering (18.1%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study found no correlation between parturient abdominal circumference and the intrathecal spread of heavy bupivacaine following spinal anesthesia during cesarean section.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121261455201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T13:43:01Z","timestamp":1779543781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of abdominal circumference on spread of intrathecal heavy bupivacaine in parturient undergoing cesarean section: An observational study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7335-5310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prasant","family":"Silwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiolog, Sindhuli Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6715-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangita","family":"Pudasaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sindhuli Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8052-3250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisha Thapa","family":"Magar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Theatre, Department of Perioperative Services, Sindhuli Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Miller RD Eriksson LI Fleisher LA et al. Elsevier Health Sciences 2015 vol 1. 8 pp. 1684\u20131716."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"1530","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia induced complications in caesarean section-A review","volume":"3","author":"Javed S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Javed S, Hamid S, Amin F, et al. Spinal anesthesia induced complications in caesarean section-A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2011; 3(10): 1530.","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/78.3.317"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181c04faf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199606000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195137"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1997.89104000.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.118627"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2015.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JOACC.JOACC_68_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_457_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep096"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","article-title":"Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section","author":"Chooi C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chooi C, Cox JJ, Lumb RS, et al. Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020; 7.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000221"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-013-1715-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021506000421"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2003.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2014.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aer.AER_36_19"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","first-page":"6547927","article-title":"Relationship between abdominal circumference and incidence of hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia","volume":"2020","author":"Thomard P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomard P, Morakul S, Wirachpisit N, et al. Relationship between abdominal circumference and incidence of hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2020; 2020(1): 6547927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6547927","journal-title":"Anesthesiology Research and Practice"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","unstructured":"Silwal P Pudasaini S Magar E. T. Effect of abdominal circumference on spread of intrathecal heavy bupivacaine in parturient undergoing cesarean section: an observational study. [Data set]. Zenodo 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18057437."}],"container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121261455201","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121261455201","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121261455201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T07:18:41Z","timestamp":1779779921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121261455201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121261455201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121261455201","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"article-number":"20503121261455201"}}