{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:23:35Z","timestamp":1793139815265,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with significant maternal and neonatal consequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To synthesise evidence on knowledge, awareness, and perception of men and women of reproductive age on GDM to enhance effective prevention and management of GDM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, JSTOR, Dimensions AI, and HINARI for studies published between 2000 and 2025. 50 studies, with a total sample size of 29,590 participants, assessing knowledge, awareness, attitudes, or perceptions of GDM among pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women were included. Data were extracted, quality-appraised using JBI and MMAT tools, and synthesised thematically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty studies were included, primarily cross-sectional (88%), with qualitative (8%) and mixed-methods (4%) designs. Women generally demonstrated limited understanding of GDM risk factors, screening procedures, and long-term implications. Cultural norms, emotional responses, and healthcare experiences shaped perceptions and attitudes, sometimes reducing engagement with preventive behaviours. Factors improving knowledge and adherence included structured education, prior exposure to diabetes, supportive healthcare interactions, and family involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Awareness and understanding of GDM remain inadequate globally emphasizing major public health concern. Targeted educational interventions, culturally sensitive resources, and enhanced provider\u2013patient engagement are essential to improve knowledge, attitudes, and health outcomes. Future research should prioritise interventional and longitudinal studies using standardised measures across diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121261459803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:05:16Z","timestamp":1781006716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Knowledge, awareness, attitudes and perceptions on gestational diabetes among females: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9449-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiana","family":"Asiedu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Coast"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kwabla Ahiagbede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing and Midwifery Training College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Esi","family":"Bilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing and Midwifery Training College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Atitsogbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Coast"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuella Florence Odi","family":"Asiedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Coast"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcdhc.2025.1527076"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-024-00630-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1589416"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/pch.v8i1.287"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prabhu JK Deepthi Kondamuri S Samal S et al. Knowledge of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in a semiurban hospital - A cross -sectional study. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2021; 12: Elsevier https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100854 Global MS-CE and 2021 undefined. nd.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100854"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2745-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Women\u2019s experience with receiving advice on diet and Self-Monitoring of blood glucose for gestational diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study","volume":"39","author":"Helmersen M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Helmersen M, S\u00f8rensen M, Lukasse M, et al. Women\u2019s experience with receiving advice on diet and Self-Monitoring of blood glucose for gestational diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study. Journal of Primary Health Care 2021; 39: 44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02813432.2021.1875437","journal-title":"Journal of Primary Health Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15373"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2020.0928"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70043"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000444496.24228.2c"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-24-00523"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","volume-title":"Systematic reviews of qualitative evidence","author":"Porritt K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Porritt K, Evans C, Bennett C, et al. Systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. JBI, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-180221"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","first-page":"395","article-title":"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge of Pregnant Women and The Factors Affecting Knowledge: A Cross Sectional Study","volume":"14","author":"Aypar Akba\u011f NN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aypar Akba\u011f NN, Alu\u015f TM. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge of Pregnant Women and The Factors Affecting Knowledge: A Cross Sectional Study. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty 2021; 14: 395\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46483\/deuhfed.822421","journal-title":"E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54393\/pjhs.v5i06.1789"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1666888876"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1751999233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.71000\/g6y5bf86"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/BMJ.galenos.2024.2024.2-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57239\/PJLSS-2024-22.1.00332"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","first-page":"e48151","article-title":"Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study","volume":"15","author":"Wafa MH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wafa MH, Ayoub AI, Bukhari TA, et al. Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study. Cureus 2023; 15: e48151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.48151","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","first-page":"e56969","article-title":"Assessment of Women\u2019s Awareness of the Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Mother and Fetus in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"16","author":"Gari A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gari A, Alshamlan SA, Alghamdi M, et al. Assessment of Women\u2019s Awareness of the Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Mother and Fetus in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16: e56969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.56969","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Assessment of the Level of Knowledge About Risk Factors, Prevention, and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Community Sample From Saudi Arabia","volume":"16","author":"Morsy SA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morsy SA, Tawfik AM, Badayyan SY, et al. Assessment of the Level of Knowledge About Risk Factors, Prevention, and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Community Sample From Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16: 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.58435","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS2.5847"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Perceived health implication and awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women with GDM in selected","volume":"15","author":"Suleiman KBA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suleiman KBA, Salami KK. Perceived health implication and awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women with GDM in selected. Ibadan Journal of Sociology 2024; 15: 25\u201331.","journal-title":"Ibadan Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jsf.v16i1.38175"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-021-00964-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Awareness and screening practices for gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in Arusha Urban, Tanzania","volume":"20","author":"Msollo SS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Msollo SS, Martin HD, Mwanri AW, et al. Awareness and screening practices for gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in Arusha Urban, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2021; 20: 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2485_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_130_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.107861"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","first-page":"362","article-title":"Awareness regarding anemia, gestational diabetes and pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal women attending outpatient department in a rural hospital","volume":"7","author":"George M","year":"2016","unstructured":"George M, George N, Ramesh N. Awareness regarding anemia, gestational diabetes and pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal women attending outpatient department in a rural hospital. National Journal of Community Medicine\u2502Volume 2016; 7: 362\u2013367.","journal-title":"National Journal of Community Medicine\u2502Volume"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0974150X241235480"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13580"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073339"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"1","author":"Kusemwa P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kusemwa P, Mukona DM, Zvinavashe M, et al. Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. EC Diabetes And Metabolic Research 2019; 1: 26\u201334.","journal-title":"EC Diabetes And Metabolic Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2019.32977"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2020.86707"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1535344"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-8583.000023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2022.103367"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","first-page":"227","article-title":"Assessing Knowledge on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Child Health","volume":"82","author":"Ludowici E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ludowici E. Assessing Knowledge on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Child Health. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 2023; 82: 227\u2013231.","journal-title":"Hawaii J Health Soc Welf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Awareness of Gestational Diabetes and its Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Samoa","volume":"76","author":"Price LA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Price LA, Lock LJ, Archer LE, et al. Awareness of Gestational Diabetes and its Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Samoa. Hawaii J Med Public Health 2017; 76: 48\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37797\/HJMPH.2017.76.2.48","journal-title":"Hawaii J Med Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2014.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910409"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148381"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","unstructured":"Iqbal J Almujaydil AA Alamri DM et al. KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS LEVELS AMONG MARRIED WOMEN REGARDING THE MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOMES OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM) IN SAUDI ARABIA. 2024; 6(2): 8446-8469. Cahiers Magellan-NS DA-C 2024 undefined. nd."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S423565"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ugwu UC Ene OC. Knowledge attitude and practice regarding gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2024; 44(Suppl 1): RnjphJournalgridCom 47-52. SP-\u2026 NJ of 2024 undefined. nd.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-023-01252-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jod.jod_2_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","first-page":"179","article-title":"Knowledge and attitude regarding gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among obese pregnant women coming for antenatal checkup at a tertiary care hospital Hypoglycaemic activity of methanolic extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Zingeber officinale on Sw","volume":"5","author":"Islam B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Islam B, Abdul Mannan M, Abu Bin Nyeem M, et al. Knowledge and attitude regarding gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among obese pregnant women coming for antenatal checkup at a tertiary care hospital Hypoglycaemic activity of methanolic extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Zingeber officinale on Sw. Int J Chem Stud 2017; 5: 179\u2013189.","journal-title":"Int J Chem Stud"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.284"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323221139105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272684X19876526"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2013.21.10.692"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03927-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43162-023-00236-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62596\/qdhd1q07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_2","first-page":"393","article-title":"What do mothers know about gestational diabetes: knowledge and awareness","volume":"3","author":"Elamurugan S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elamurugan S, Arounassalame B. Res BA-IJOG. undefined. What do mothers know about gestational diabetes: knowledge and awareness. J Obstet Gynecol Res 2016; 3: 393\u2013396.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/women5030029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14945"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-08277-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-07854-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2022.2155045"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidsen E Maindal HT Rod MH et al. The stigma associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: A scoping review. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 1: 52. KO- 2022 undefined. nd.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101614"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_2","first-page":"96","article-title":"Perceptions and experiences of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: A qualitative evidence synthesis","volume":"27","author":"Elomrani S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elomrani S, Assarag B, De Brouwere V, et al. Perceptions and experiences of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: A qualitative evidence synthesis. African Journal of Reproductive Health 2023; 27: 96\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29063\/ajrh2023\/v27i5s.12","journal-title":"African Journal of Reproductive Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13926"}],"container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121261459803","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121261459803","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121261459803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T13:17:10Z","timestamp":1781183830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121261459803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121261459803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121261459803","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"article-number":"20503121261459803"}}