{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:53:08Z","timestamp":1781484788015,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asthma and pneumonia are common respiratory conditions worldwide. Pneumonia is a life-threatening lung infection and a frequent comorbidity among adult asthmatic patients, often causing hospital admission. Despite the global burden, evidence on determinants of pneumonia among adult asthmatic patients in Ethiopia is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimes to identify determinants of pneumonia among adult asthmatic patients attending public hospitals in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter unmatched case-control study was conducted from August 20 to October 25, 2025 among 359 adult asthmatic patients (120 cases and 239 controls) in public hospitals of Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Eligible participants were adults aged \u226518 years with \u22656 months asthma diagnosis and \u22653 months follow-up. Cases were asthmatic patients with pneumonia, and controls were those without pneumonia. Patients with COPD and newly diagnosed asthma were excluded. Participants were selected consecutively. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and medical records. Determinants were identified using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression, with statistical significance set at p&lt;0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cases were older than controls, with mean ages of 60.25 \u00b1 15.36 and 44.85 \u00b1 11.04 years, respectively. In multivariable analysis, demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors were associated with pneumonia. Increasing age (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.10) and current alcohol use (AOR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.03\u20134.38) increased the odds. Prior hospital admission for acute asthma exacerbation showed the strongest association (AOR = 13.22, 95% CI: 9.55\u201319.51). Inhaled corticosteroid use (AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: 3.16\u20137.23) and loss of follow-up (AOR = 4.48, 95% CI: 3.42\u20137.16) were also associated with higher odds, while controlled asthma was protective (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02\u20130.16).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age, alcohol use, prior hospitalization, inhaled corticosteroid use, and irregular follow-up increased pneumonia risk, while controlled asthma was protective. Strengthening follow-up and interventions may reduce pneumonia among asthmatic patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121261460305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:06:43Z","timestamp":1781222803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of pneumonia among adult asthmatic patients attending public hospitals in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A case control study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Abiyie Bitew","family":"Godie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1201-904X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Mulat","family":"Eshetu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolde Melese","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sileshi","family":"Berihun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikias Getahun","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40733-020-00054-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S376499"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S392844"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00259-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000479089"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2018.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13528"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S200492"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","first-page":"LG01","article-title":"Risk factors of community acquired pneumonia among adults in Tigray, Ethiopia: a case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Kahsay AB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kahsay AB, Gebru HB, Gahse \u200bFE. Risk factors of community acquired pneumonia among adults in Tigray, Ethiopia: a case-control study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH 2018; 12(5): LG01\u2013LG05. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/jcdr\/2018\/31150.11506","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03442-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13295"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2019.11.6.795"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/JPATS_22_2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S434954"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/military-2022-002217"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S379293"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","volume-title":"Scoring the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)","author":"Forde C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forde C. Scoring the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). University of Dublin, 2018, vol 3."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","first-page":"9338251","article-title":"Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Rate among Old\u2010Age Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral and Karamara General Hospitals, Jigjiga, Ethiopia","volume":"2022","author":"Mekuria S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mekuria S, Seyoum A, Ataro Z, et al. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Rate among Old\u2010Age Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral and Karamara General Hospitals, Jigjiga, Ethiopia. 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