{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:17:29Z","timestamp":1787753849043,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension self-care practices are essential for controlling blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular complications and mortality. However, research on adherence to self-care practices among people with hypertension in Ghana is limited. This study assessed hypertension self-care practices and associated factors among people with hypertension attending follow-up in selected public healthcare facilities in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in three randomly selected public healthcare facilities in the Ashanti Region from 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      March to 30\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      June 2025. A multistage sampling method was employed to recruit 545 people with hypertension on follow-up. Data on hypertension self-care practices, hypertension knowledge, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and psychosocial factors were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and supplemented by a review of medical records. IBM-SPSS Statistics was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize variables, while a binary logistic regression model was performed to identify the factors associated with hypertension self-care practices. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported, and statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 545 people with hypertension recruited, 510 participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 93.6%. Overall, 58.4% (95% CI: 54%-63%) of participants demonstrated good self-care practices. Among the individual practices, smoking cessation had the highest adherence (96.7%, n=493), whereas physical activity had the lowest adherence (22%, n=112). In multivariable analysis, comorbidities (AOR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.36-0.87) and depression (AOR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.05-0.23) were independently associated with lower odds of practising good self-care, whereas good self-efficacy (AOR=12.71, 95% CI: 6.64-24.30) was independently associated with higher odds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adherence to hypertension self-care practices was moderate; however, deficiencies were observed in salt reduction and physical activity. Comorbidity, depression and self-efficacy were associated factors of hypertension self-care practices. Interventions should prioritise mental health screening, strengthen self-efficacy through behavioural support, and provide tailored care for individuals with comorbidities to improve sustained self-management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121261481605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:42:38Z","timestamp":1787600558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypertension self-care practices and associated factors among people with hypertension on follow-up in selected public healthcare facilities in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. A multicentre cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0699-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard Gyamfi","family":"Anane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Ghana Health Service, Effiduase, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philemon Adoliwine","family":"Amooba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward Appiah","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gertrude","family":"Boafo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Bam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2018.80013"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","volume-title":"Global report on hypertension 2025: high stakes \u2013 turning evidence into action","author":"WHO","year":"2025","unstructured":"WHO. Global report on hypertension 2025: high stakes \u2013 turning evidence into action, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-022-00508-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248137"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15081645"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ijhy\/1774636"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13877-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-13338-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056627"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","volume-title":"A Heavy Burden: The Productivity Cost of Illness in Africa","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. A Heavy Burden: The Productivity Cost of Illness in Africa. WHO Regional Office for Africa, 2019, vol 1\u201338."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development","volume":"2740","author":"Walsh PP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Walsh PP, Banerjee A, Murphy E. The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development Goals Series 2022; F2740: 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-07461-5_1","journal-title":"Sustainable Development Goals Series"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","article-title":"May Measurement Month (MMM) \u2013 an awareness-raising initiative building on","author":"Federation WH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Federation WH. May Measurement Month (MMM) \u2013 an awareness-raising initiative building on. World Hypertension Day - World Heart Federation [Internet] 2018, [cited 2025 Nov 18]. Available from. https:\/\/world-heart-federation.org\/news\/may-measurement-month-mmm-an-awareness-raising-initiative-building-on-world-hypertension-day\/","journal-title":"World Hypertension Day - World Heart Federation [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Ministry of Health 2020 Annual Performance Report","author":"Ghana Ministry of Health","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghana Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health 2020 Annual Performance Report, 2021, pp. 1\u201328."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20366-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v17i1.4721"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193494"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amoah EM Okai DE Manu A et al. The Role of Lifestyle Factors in Controlling Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients in Two Health Facilities in Urban Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study 2020; 2020: 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9379128"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0256515","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256515","article-title":"Institutional mortality rate and cause of death at health facilities in Ghana between 2014 and 2018","volume":"16","author":"Owusu AY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Owusu AY, Kushitor SB, Ofosu AA, et al. Institutional mortality rate and cause of death at health facilities in Ghana between 2014 and 2018. PLoS One 2021; 16(9 September): e0256515, PubMed PMID: 34496000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0256515","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-05410-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/ajms.v14i10.56237"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000309"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ajcr\/2025\/v8i1299"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","unstructured":"Aline M Ntakirutimana T Camille K. Hypertension Self-care practices and Associated Factors among Patients Attending Kirinda Hospital Rwanda. 2023;11(4):1692\u20131705."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-care practices among hypertensive patients at the primary health care centers in Unaizah city","author":"Galal B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Galal B, Siam A, Aldakeel H, et al. Self-care practices among hypertensive patients at the primary health care centers in Unaizah city. Saudi Arabia 2024: 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1290670","journal-title":"Saudi Arabia"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hypertension self-care practice and associated factors among patients in public health facilities of Dessie town, Ethiopia","volume":"0","author":"Ademe S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ademe S, Aga F, Gela D. Hypertension self-care practice and associated factors among patients in public health facilities of Dessie town, Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 0: 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-019-3880-0","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4502-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-022-00421-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312120974145"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"The Association Between Self-Efficacy and Hypertension Self-Care Activities Among African American Adults","volume":"37","author":"Warren-findlow J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Warren-findlow J, Huber LRB. The Association Between Self-Efficacy and Hypertension Self-Care Activities Among African American Adults. NIH Public Access 2013; 37(1): 15\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-011-9410-6","journal-title":"NIH Public Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101883"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000085"},{"issue":"2024","key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","first-page":"100926","article-title":"Self-managed hypertension: a phenomenological assessment of patients\u2019 treatment behaviours in Ghana","volume":"24","author":"Adoma PO","year":"2026","unstructured":"Adoma PO, Acquah F, Botchwey COA, et al. Self-managed hypertension: a phenomenological assessment of patients\u2019 treatment behaviours in Ghana. Int J Afr Nurs Sci 2026; 24(September 2024): 100926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijans.2025.100926","journal-title":"Int J Afr Nurs Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-026-08912-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/oalib.1104375"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","volume-title":"Ghana Districts: A repository of all Local Assemblies in Ghana [Internet]","author":"Ghana District","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghana District. Ghana Districts: A repository of all Local Assemblies in Ghana [Internet], 2024. [cited 2026 May 4]. Available from. https:\/\/www.ghanadistricts.com\/Home\/Region\/1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12157"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IBPC.S242123"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9031018"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","first-page":"286","article-title":"Cross-cultural validation of the hill-bone compliance to high blood pressure therapy scale in a South African, primary healthcare setting","volume":"16","author":"Lambert EV","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lambert EV, Steyn K, Stender S, et al. Cross-cultural validation of the hill-bone compliance to high blood pressure therapy scale in a South African, primary healthcare setting. Ethn Dis 2006; 16(1): 286\u2013291, PubMed PMID: 16599385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0895-7061(02)02817-0","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IBPC.S245068"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221126333"},{"issue":"187","key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Northern Ethiopia, 2019: Cross-sectional study","volume":"36","author":"Aberhe W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aberhe W, Mariye T, Bahrey D, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Northern Ethiopia, 2019: Cross-sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal 2020; 36(187): 1\u201314, PubMed PMID: 32952831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2020.36.187.23312","journal-title":"Pan African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S457026"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221104442"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvad011"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S117269"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S412198"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemessa F Lamessa M. Hypertension and Management Uncontrolled Hypertension and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Adults in Bale Zone Public Hospitals Ethiopia. 2021;7(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23937\/2474-3690\/1510057","DOI":"10.23937\/2474-3690\/1510057"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.911593"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5649165"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073018"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2024.47.200.42603"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070244"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2022.7218"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0007-z"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_8_63_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-Care Behaviors and Related Factors in Hypertensive Patients","volume":"18","author":"Fazel S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fazel S, Motlagh Z, Chaman R, et al. Self-Care Behaviors and Related Factors in Hypertensive Patients. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016; 18(6): 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ircmj.35805","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_64_2","unstructured":"Opiyo AA Mbuthia G Shisoka J. Adherence to Self-Care Practices and Associated Factors among Patients Diagnosed with Hypertension Visiting the Medical Outpatient Clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital. 2025;38(1):1\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12785"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_66_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Social Cognitive Theory and Self -efficacy: Implications for Motivation Theory and Practice","volume":"2003","author":"Stajkovic AD","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stajkovic AD, Luthans F. Social Cognitive Theory and Self -efficacy: Implications for Motivation Theory and Practice. Motivation and Work Behaviour 1986; 2003: 126\u2013139.","journal-title":"Motivation and Work Behaviour"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmv.2021.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04733-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003674"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/7739774"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_71_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"potentially inappropriate medication, and mortality: a Danish nationwide cohort study","author":"Prior A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prior A, Vestergaard CH, Vedsted P, et al. potentially inappropriate medication, and mortality: a Danish nationwide cohort study. BMC Med 2023: 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-023-03021-3","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_73_2","volume-title":"Depressive disorder (depression) [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Depressive disorder (depression) [Internet], 2025. [cited 2026 May 3]. Available from. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/depression"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32872\/cpe.11331"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-023-00645-8"}],"container-title":["Sage Open Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121261481605","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20503121261481605","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20503121261481605","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:17:42Z","timestamp":1787750262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20503121261481605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20503121261481605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20503121261481605","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-3121","2050-3121"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-3121","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-3121","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"article-number":"20503121261481605"}}