{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:41:44Z","timestamp":1753882904357,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"M\u00e9decine Interne-H\u00f4pital d\u2019Instruction des Arm\u00e9es Omar Bongo Ondimba"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004466","name":"Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004466","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an infectious disease due to a protozoa parasite of the Trypanosoma genus. In West and Central Africa, this disease is caused by the subspecies Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Several foci of this disease are currently active and causing the death of hundreds of people in endemic areas. In this article, we report two cases of gambiense HAT in one Indonesian and one Gabonese men in two historical foci of Gabon in 2019. Both patients had fever with temperatures above 38\u00b0C, an altered state of consciousness, cachexia, and multiple dermabrasions on the abdomen related to scratching lesions. The diagnostic revealed second-stage infection of both patients with T. b. gambiense; this result was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Despite treatment with a combination of eflornithine and nifurtimox, as recommended by the World Health Organization for late-stage T. b. gambiense HAT, one of the two patients died. Thus, these cases highlight the importance of early HAT diagnosis and prompt patient care to fight effectively against this disease. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313x20959890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T06:04:58Z","timestamp":1601877898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human African trypanosomiasis in two historical foci of the estuaire province, gabon: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Berthe Am\u00e9lie","family":"Iroungou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite Mixte de Recherches Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville et le Service de Sant\u00e9 Militaire (UMR CIRMF-SSM), Franceville, Gabon"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larson","family":"Boundenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurette","family":"Guignali Mangouka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decine Interne, H\u00f4pital d\u2019Instruction des Arm\u00e9es Omar Bongo Ondimba (HIAOBO), Libreville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Bivigou-Mboumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite Mixte de Recherches Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville et le Service de Sant\u00e9 Militaire (UMR CIRMF-SSM), Franceville, Gabon"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Raymond","family":"Nzenze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite Mixte de Recherches Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville et le Service de Sant\u00e9 Militaire (UMR CIRMF-SSM), Franceville, Gabon"},{"name":"M\u00e9decine Interne, H\u00f4pital d\u2019Instruction des Arm\u00e9es Omar Bongo Ondimba (HIAOBO), Libreville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gael Darren","family":"Maganga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon"},{"name":"Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur d\u2019Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB)\/USTM, Franceville, Gabon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005454"},{"key":"bibr2-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001859"},{"key":"bibr3-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-9-57"},{"key":"bibr4-2050313X20959890","first-page":"425","volume":"61","author":"Louis F.","year":"2001","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"bibr5-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v15i3.9"},{"key":"bibr6-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2011184303","volume":"18","author":"Kohagne T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr7-2050313X20959890","first-page":"341","volume":"10","author":"Kohagne T","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"bibr8-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001828"},{"key":"bibr9-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.07.010"},{"key":"bibr10-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.004"},{"key":"bibr11-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.111384"},{"key":"bibr12-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.110921"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr13-2050313X20959890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2008.09.023","volume":"136","author":"Hope-Rapp Moussa Coulibaly O","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"volume-title":"Trypanosomias human African (sleeping sickness)","year":"2019","author":"WHO","key":"bibr14-2050313X20959890"},{"key":"bibr15-2050313X20959890","unstructured":"WHO. 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