{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:39:50Z","timestamp":1753882790615,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Coronavirus disease-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus-2 is characterised by wide heterogeneity in clinical presentation. The typical radiographic findings in COVID-19 include bilateral ground-glass opacities and\/or consolidations predominantly affecting the lower lobes and posterior segments of lungs. Other rare abnormal radiographic findings include pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. There has been an increased incidence of pneumomediastinum, a rare but potentially life-threatening complication during this pandemic. It may be spontaneous or secondary. Pneumomediastinum may be due to barotrauma, cytokine storm induced diffuse alveolar injury or direct viral infection of type I and type II pneumocytes. The presence of pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients may indicate extensive alveolar membrane destruction and those patients need close monitoring. There are no consensus guidelines in managing COVID-19 patients with pneumomediastinum. Higher mortality rates (70.58%) are reported in intubated COVID-19 patients with pneumomediastinum. The development of pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 should be considered as a poor prognostic factor. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313x211011807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T06:21:26Z","timestamp":1619763686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: A series of three cases and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9721-6996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phani Krishna","family":"Machiraju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neetu Mariam","family":"Alex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Safinaaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikita Mary","family":"Baby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100777."},{"key":"bibr2-2050313X211011807","first-page":"m1966","volume":"369","author":"Christopher MP","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr3-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775"},{"key":"bibr4-2050313X211011807","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"Hamman L.","year":"1939","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hospital"},{"key":"bibr5-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-54-1-46"},{"key":"bibr6-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.03.008"},{"key":"bibr7-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00096404"},{"key":"bibr8-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802053380601"},{"key":"bibr9-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.2.568"},{"key":"bibr10-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2020.0692"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr11-2050313X211011807","first-page":"e11696","volume":"12","author":"Li S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr12-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2020.08.017"},{"key":"bibr13-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa465."},{"key":"bibr14-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202352"},{"key":"bibr15-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00385-2020"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr16-2050313X211011807","first-page":"81","volume":"68","author":"Joshi S","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"bibr17-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15113"},{"key":"bibr18-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa222"},{"key":"bibr19-2050313X211011807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2020.09.006"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050313X211011807","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2050313X211011807","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050313X211011807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T12:58:15Z","timestamp":1741006695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2050313X211011807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2050313X211011807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050313x211011807","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-313X","2050-313X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2050-313X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2050-313X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"2050313X211011807"}}