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Two\u2009months later, she developed pneumonia; imaging workup showed a left renal mass. Neurologic function continued to decline precluding definitive nephrectomy. She then presented with new-onset seizure and initial neuro-imaging was reported as unremarkable. One\u2009month later, outpatient neurologic workup demonstrated new left-sided weakness which prompted hospitalization and repeat neuro-imaging, which showed a 1.7-cm right frontal lobe mass lesion with surrounding vasogenic edema. The patient ultimately underwent craniotomy with resection of the mass lesion; pathology did not show metastatic renal cell cancer, the provisional clinical diagnosis. Rather, immunostaining revealed a parasite and ultimately led to a diagnosis of Toxoplasma encephalitis, an infection whose clinical presentation had been interpreted by healthcare providers for months to be a result of metastatic cancer. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313x211019784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T06:57:11Z","timestamp":1621925831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A 64-year-old woman with rapid neurologic decline diagnosed with <i>Toxoplasma<\/i> encephalitis after presumed metastatic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3150-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Rosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Giscombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Hospital Medical Partners, Miami, FL, USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mercy Hospital, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6193-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toufic","family":"Tannous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2050313X211019784","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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