{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:06:55Z","timestamp":1768403215714,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Medical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Patients with advanced heart failure often experience dyspnea, fatigue, edema, and appetite loss. If these symptoms are refractory to treatment, palliative care via a team approach is necessary. We describe a patient with stage D heart failure whose dyspnea and overall condition improved with comprehensive medical treatments including conventional medications for heart failure, continuous infusions of catecholamine and diuretic, and oral hydromorphone. A 67-year-old man with a 12-year history of dilated cardiomyopathy was admitted to our hospital due to exacerbation of heart failure. Despite continuous infusion of catecholamine and diuretic, his dyspnea and liver and renal function continued to worsen. Oral hydromorphone was administered to relieve his refractory dyspnea, which also improved his conditions, continuous infusion of the catecholamine and diuretic could withdraw. Oral low-dose hydromorphone used in the present case might be a helpful agent for treating dyspnea in stage D heart failure patients with renal dysfunction. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313x211037445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T12:39:49Z","timestamp":1627735189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of oral hydromorphone in a patient with stage D heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saitama Citizens Medical Center, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Saitama Citizens Medical Center, 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