{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:28:30Z","timestamp":1767677310803,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Medical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperkalaemia is a medical emergency that may manifest with a spectrum of cardiac conduction abnormalities and, if not promptly managed, can progress to cardiac arrest. While standard management typically involves stat doses of insulin to lower serum potassium, the optimal dosing regimen remains controversial. Patients whose serum potassium exceeds the upper normal limit by more than 1 mmol\/L often require repeated conventional management to shift potassium intracellularly \u2013 usually every 2 to 4 h. Although dialysis is indicated in patients with concomitant renal dysfunction, its availability in resource-constrained settings is limited. We present three cases of symptomatic hyperkalaemia successfully managed with continuous insulin infusions, thereby obviating the need for dialysis. These cases underscore the potential role of continuous insulin infusions as an alternative strategy for correcting hyperkalaemia in settings where dialysis is not immediately available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313x251348368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:24:42Z","timestamp":1750220682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bolus doses of insulin versus a continuous insulin infusion for treating hyperkalaemia in adults: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6378-0987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex, North West Department of Health, South Africa"},{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0184-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Martinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mmakwata","family":"Lesudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex, North West Department of Health, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Variava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex, North West Department of Health, South Africa"},{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.84a.17056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-023-03109-1"},{"issue":"0","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Saved by insulin! Continuous intravenous insulin infusion as an adjunctive treatment for refractory hyperkalaemia","volume":"5","author":"Voo TC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Voo TC, Ramanathan S, Hoong PY. Saved by insulin! Continuous intravenous insulin infusion as an adjunctive treatment for refractory hyperkalaemia. IJHHS 2021; 5(0\u20132): 8.","journal-title":"IJHHS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.010908.163241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V641134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12756"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfu049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000436"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","article-title":"Cyberattack on the National Health Laboratory Service of South Africa\u2013implications, response and recommendations","volume":"114","author":"Cassim S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cassim S, Chapanduka ZC. Cyberattack on the National Health Laboratory Service of South Africa\u2013implications, response and recommendations. S Afr Med J 2024; 114(12): e2549\u2013e2549.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2011.582471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860618764610"}],"container-title":["Sage Open Medical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050313X251348368","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2050313X251348368","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050313X251348368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:19:52Z","timestamp":1767676792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2050313X251348368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2050313X251348368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050313x251348368","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-313X","2050-313X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2050-313X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2050-313X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"article-number":"2050313X251348368"}}