{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T05:11:57Z","timestamp":1783746717513,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Medical Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Galactocele is a rare clinical finding in males and is even more uncommon in the context of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Its occurrence raises important questions about the effects of hyperprolactinemia in men, especially when there is poor treatment adherence. We describe a 34-year-old man with type 2 diabetes who presented with erectile dysfunction, gynecomastia, and galactorrhea. Investigations confirmed hyperprolactinemia secondary to a pituitary macroadenoma. He was started on cabergoline, which improved his symptoms. However, after discontinuing therapy for several months, he developed a painful breast mass. Ultrasound and aspiration confirmed a galactocele\u2014a finding rarely reported in adult males. The mass resolved after aspiration, and dopamine agonist therapy was resumed. This case highlights the importance of recognizing galactocele as a potential complication of untreated or poorly managed hyperprolactinemia in men. It underscores the need for sustained adherence to dopamine agonists and vigilance in evaluating male patients with gynecomastia and galactorrhea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313x261456979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:21:12Z","timestamp":1783574472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A rare case of galactocele in a patient with macroprolactinoma. The hypothetical role of poor compliance with dopamine agonist therapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elabbass A.","family":"Abdelmahmuod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidar","family":"Bustanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarik","family":"Elhadd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31817d8832"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-018-1266-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3182069b3c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2008.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/ejbh.galenos.2020.5541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-005-1093-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"419","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of galactocele in children and preliminary treatment experience","volume":"43","author":"Zuopeng W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zuopeng W, Yingjing D, Hanlei Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of galactocele in children and preliminary treatment experience. Chin J Pediatr Surg 2022; 43(5): 419\u2013422.","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed I Ziab M Mbarak H Taheri S Chagoury O Hussain SA et al. Improved type 2 diabetes risk stratification in the Qatar Biobank cohort by ensemble learning classifier incorporating multi-trait population-specific polygenic risk scores. medRxiv. 2023. 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