{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:24:17Z","timestamp":1777555457048,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anonymous Donor"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3T32AR007080-44S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3T32AR007080-44S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T90DE034663-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T90DE034663-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Science, Policy and Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Five Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness (5D-ASC) Rating Scale is a self-report measure used to characterize changes in consciousness induced by pharmacological (e.g., psychedelics) and nonpharmacological (e.g., meditation) methods as well as predict clinical outcomes. Although it has been widely used with English-speaking participants, there is no version that has been adapted for Mandarin-speaking individuals. This study aimed to develop a high-quality Mandarin version of the 5D-ASC to increase language accessibility in psychedelic research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Mandarin version of the 5D-ASC was developed adhering to the \u201cPrinciples of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation.\u201d The English version of the 5D-ASC was translated to Mandarin by two professional translators, reviewed by the study team (including two native Mandarin speakers), back-translated to English, and compared with the original version.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Mandarin version of the 5D-ASC Rating Scale (5\u7ef4\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u91cf\u8868) includes 11 facets: experience of unity (\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u603b\u5206), spiritual experience (\u7cbe\u795e\u4f53\u9a8c\u603b\u5206), blissful state (\u5e78\u798f\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u5206), insightfulness (\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u603b\u5206), disembodiment (\u8131\u79bb\u5b9e\u4f53\u603b\u5206), impaired control and cognition (\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u603b\u5206), anxiety (\u7126\u8651\u603b\u5206), complex imagery (\u590d\u6742\u56fe\u50cf\u603b\u5206), elementary imagery (\u7b80\u5355\u56fe\u50cf\u603b\u5206), audio-visual synesthesia (\u89c6\u542c\u8054\u89c9\u603b\u5206), and changed meaning of percepts (\u611f\u77e5\u610f\u4e49\u6539\u53d8\u603b\u5206). The survey can also be analyzed using its original 5-factor structure, yielding facets of oceanic boundlessness (\u6d77\u6d0b\u822c\u65e0\u754c\u611f), anxious ego dissolution (\u7126\u8651\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u89e3\u4f53), visionary restructuralization (\u89c6\u89c9\u91cd\u6784), auditory alterations (\u542c\u89c9\u6539\u53d8), and vigilance reduction (\u8b66\u89c9\u6027\u964d\u4f4e). The full translated survey is available in the Appendix.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, a Mandarin version of the 5D-ASC was developed using best practices by an integrated team of psychedelic experts and translators. Further research is needed to evaluate its reliability and validity in clinical and nonclinical Mandarin-speaking populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20503245251412692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:00:24Z","timestamp":1767895224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a mandarin version of the five dimensional altered states of consciousness (5D-ASC) rating scale"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0578-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob S.","family":"Aday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aoife","family":"O\u2019Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Woolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Induction of altered states of consciousness through binaural beat stimulation on healthy subjects, a pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Babcinschi O","year":"2018","unstructured":"Babcinschi O, Siminenco A (2018) Induction of altered states of consciousness through binaural beat stimulation on healthy subjects, a pilot study. 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