{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:20:52Z","timestamp":1793996452727,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digital single\u2010operator cholangioscopes (digital SOCs), equipped with an improved image quality, have been recently introduced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of digital SOCs (Spyglass\u2122 DS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010seven digital SOC procedures performed between 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most frequent indications for examination were indeterminate biliary strictures (61.2%) and biliary stone disease (23.9%). In 25 patients (37.3), visual findings predicted malignancy with a sensitivity of 88.9%, a specificity of 97.6%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.0% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.9%. For histological analysis, forceps biopsies were performed in 29 patients (43.2%). Compared with visual findings, forceps biopsies yield a lower diagnostic efficacy in diagnosing malignancy (sensitivity 62.5%, specificity 90.0%, PPV 90.9%, NPV 60.0%). Therapeutic interventions were performed in 19 patients with a technical success rate of 89.4%. Adverse events were observed in 17 patients (25.4%). Of these, 11 patients (16.4%) suffered from severe adverse events (pancreatitis, cholangitis or major bleeding), which led to a prolonged hospital stay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digital SOCs have excellent diagnostic and therapeutic efficacies, but are accompanied by high rates of adverse events; therefore, physicians should use digital SOCs in carefully selected cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618764943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T14:30:15Z","timestamp":1520519415000},"page":"902-909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Safety, diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy of digital single\u2010operator cholangioscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Lenze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine B 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