{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:02:49Z","timestamp":1793188969811,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 AT008573-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AT008573-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DK007760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK007760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies have shown increased intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome. Validating serum biomarkers for altered intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome will facilitate research and pathophysiology\u2010based therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To measure serum zonulin and intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels in diarrhea\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome and constipation\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome and compare with healthy controls and celiac disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum zonulin and intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays in constipation\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950), diarrhea\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950), celiac disease (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200953) and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200942). Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity was measured using the irritable bowel syndrome\u2010symptom severity scale.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with constipation\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome had higher zonulin levels compared with healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006 and 0.009 respectively), which was comparable to those with active celiac disease. Although zonulin levels did not correlate with the overall irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity scale, it positively correlated with stool frequency per week (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) and dissatisfaction with bowel habits (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007) in diarrhea\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Patients with diarrhea\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome and constipation\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome had lower intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels compared with celiac patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047 respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum zonulin is upregulated in irritable bowel syndrome and the levels are comparable to those in celiac disease. Zonulin levels correlated with severity of bowel habits in diarrhea\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels in irritable bowel syndrome patients were not increased suggesting no significant increase in enterocyte death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619826419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]],"date-time":"2019-01-19T11:43:39Z","timestamp":1547898219000},"page":"709-715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Serum zonulin is elevated in IBS and correlates with stool frequency in IBS\u2010D"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Prashant","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Silvester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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