{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:13:00Z","timestamp":1790802780153,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract depends on a healthy bacterial microbiota, with alterations in microbiota composition suggested to contribute to diseases. To unravel bacterial contribution to disease pathology, a thorough understanding of the microbiota of the complete gastrointestinal tract is essential. To date, most microbial analyses have either focused on faecal samples, or on the microbial constitution of one gastrointestinal location instead of different locations within one individual.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>We aimed to analyse the mucosal microbiome along the entire gastrointestinal tract within the same individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Mucosal biopsies were taken from nine different sites in 14 individuals undergoing antegrade and subsequent retrograde double\u2010balloon enteroscopy. The bacterial composition was characterised using 16\u2009S rRNA sequencing with Illumina Miseq.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>At double\u2010balloon enteroscopy, one individual had a caecal adenocarcinoma and one individual had Peutz\u2010Jeghers polyps. The composition of the microbiota distinctively changed along the gastrointestinal tract with larger bacterial load, diversity and abundance of Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> and Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> in the lower gastrointestinal tract than the upper gastrointestinal tract, which was predominated by Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> and Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>We show that gastrointestinal location is a larger determinant of mucosal microbial diversity than inter\u2010person differences. These data provide a baseline for further studies investigating gastrointestinal microbiota\u2010related disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619852255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T08:52:31Z","timestamp":1558083151000},"page":"897-907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Composition of the mucosa\u2010associated microbiota along the entire gastrointestinal tract of human individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"FER","family":"Vuik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Dicksved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Management Swedish University of 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