{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:00:10Z","timestamp":1793052010219,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is traditionally considered to be a rare clinical entity, in recent times, an increase in the number of reports of pancreatic TB has been noted. We conducted a systematic review in order to summarise currently available data on pancreatic TB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comprehensive literature search of Medline, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases was conducted in order to identify papers reporting cases of pancreatic TB. The eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review required that the studies reported patient(s) affected by pancreatic TB and that individual data on age, sex, clinical presentation and outcome were available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 116 studies reporting data on 166 patients were included in the analysis. The majority of patients were males (62.1%) diagnosed at a mean age of 41.61\u2009\u00b1\u200913.95 years. Most cases were diagnosed in Asia (50.0%), followed by North America (22.9%), Europe (20.5%), Africa (4.2%) and South America (2.4%). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was diagnosed in 25.3% of those affected. Pancreatic TB most frequently presented itself in the form of a pancreatic mass (79.5%) localised mainly in the head (59.0%) and less frequently in the body (18.2%) and tail (13.4%). Extrapancreatic TB involvement most frequently affected the peripancreatic lymph nodes (47.3%). More than half of patients (55.2%) were subjected to laparotomy, while 21.08% underwent endoscopic ultrasound fine\u2010needle aspiration biopsy. The presence of TB was identified most frequently through histological analysis (59.6%), followed by culture (28.9%), staining (27.7%) and, in a smaller number, by polymerase chain reaction (9.6%) and cytology (6.6%). Almost all patients received anti\u2010tubercular pharmacological therapy (98.2%), while 24.1% underwent surgery. Despite treatment, 8.7% of patients died.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased awareness of pancreatic TB is needed, not only in endemic areas but especially in relation to HIV infection and other clinical conditions associated with immunoincompetence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640620902353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T08:12:06Z","timestamp":1579248726000},"page":"396-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Pancreatic tuberculosis: A systematic review of symptoms, diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nikola","family":"Panic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia"},{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit University Clinic \u2018Dr Dragisa Misovic\u2010Dedinje\u2019 Belgrade Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartwig","family":"Maetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milutin","family":"Bulajic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Mater Olbia Hospital Olbia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihailo","family":"Radovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7647-198X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u2010Matthias","family":"L\u00f6hr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"569","article-title":"The changing pattern of intestinal tuberculosis: 30 years\u2019 experience","volume":"2","author":"Wang HS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.1999.01940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00012275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200509000-00013","article-title":"Abdominal tuberculosis in Bradford, UK: 1992\u20132002","volume":"17","author":"Singhal A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.207_a.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Acute generalized miliary tuberculosis","volume":"20","author":"Auerbach O.","year":"1944","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Abdominal tuberculosis. 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