{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:38:12Z","timestamp":1763037492958,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reports of liver injury in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) are emerging from China and the USA. A wide variety of liver function test abnormalities and few cases of severe liver failure have been reported. No data on the hepatic phenotype from Europe are available at current.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a case series of 44 consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID\u201019\u00a0in Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the time of admission, aspartate aminotransferase greater than the upper limit of normal was present in 70%, while alanine aminotransferase was elevated in 15.8%. Markers of cholestatic liver injury were altered only in a minority of patients. During hospitalization, 31% and 22% experienced increasing aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, respectively, when transaminases were normal at admission. Severe liver injury defined by 3\u00d7&gt; upper limit of normal was observed in 9.1% over a mean time of 10.5\u00a0days. Importantly, patients exhibited cytotoxicity including lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase elevations, but no signs of relevant liver function impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, in a case series of hospitalized patients in Germany, cytotoxicity in the absence of severe liver dysfunction at admission and only few cases suggestive of severe liver injury during hospital were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640620931657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T18:39:44Z","timestamp":1593196784000},"page":"814-819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Patterns of liver injury in COVID\u201019 \u2013 a German case series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rn M","family":"Schattenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Program University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Labenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Program University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus\u2010Alexander","family":"W\u00f6rns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Menge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arndt","family":"Weinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter R","family":"Galle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin F.","family":"Sprinzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"ZhangC ShiL WangFS.Liver injury in COVID\u201019: Management and challenges.Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol2020. 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