{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:54:32Z","timestamp":1788274472505,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["UEG Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease. Its role in the development of extrahepatic co\u2010morbidities is under investigation. The impact of NAFLD on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to explore the potential contribution of NAFLD on CKD in Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Disease Analyzer Database covering 7.49\u00a0million cases in Germany was explored for patients diagnosed with NAFLD between 2000 and 2015 and was matched 1:1 to a cohort without NAFLD. Matching criteria included age, sex, physician, index year and co\u2010diagnoses associated with CKD. The primary outcomes of this study were incidences of CKD and end\u2010stage renal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 48,057 patients with NAFLD were matched to 48,057 patients without NAFLD. Within 10 years of the index date, 17.1% of patients with NAFLD and 11.6% of patients without NAFLD were diagnosed with CKD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). On Cox regression analysis, NAFLD was significantly associated with the incidence of CKD (hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20091.58, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). This association remained significant across different age groups and subgroups such as patients with diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension. There was no association between NAFLD and emerging dialysis therapy (HR\u2009=\u20091.25, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2009=\u20090.245).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this large database analysis in Germany, NAFLD constitutes an independent risk factor for CKD. Patients living with NAFLD should be monitored for a change in kidney function, facilitating therapeutic measures for kidney disease at an early stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640620944098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T07:17:01Z","timestamp":1595488621000},"page":"942-948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of incident chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Leonard","family":"Kaps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Programme University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Labenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Programme University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R","family":"Galle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Programme University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Weinmann\u2010Menke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Kostev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology IQVIA Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rn M","family":"Schattenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Metabolic Liver Research Programme University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","article-title":"Standardization of diet and exercise in clinical trials of NAFLD\u2010NASH: recommendations from the liver forum","author":"Glass O","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","article-title":"Incidence of cancer in patients living with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Germany","author":"Huber Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05986-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1428"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","article-title":"Heart failure and chronic kidney disease manifestation and mortality risk associations in type 2 diabetes: a large multinational cohort study","author":"Birkeland KI","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70065-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32963-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11040104","article-title":"Obeticholic acid: a new era in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Abenavoli L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the prevalence of maintenance haemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"121","author":"Lu YC","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"}],"container-title":["United European Gastroenterology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050640620944098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2050640620944098","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2050640620944098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T14:14:25Z","timestamp":1693750465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2050640620944098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2050640620944098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050640620944098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6406","2050-6414"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6406","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-6414","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}