{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T05:41:42Z","timestamp":1740807702544,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Meningococcal meningitis is reported as a rare condition in Mexico. There are no internationally published studies on bacterial causes of meningitis in the country based on active surveillance. This study focuses on finding the etiology of bacterial meningitis in children from nine Mexican Hospitals. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> From January 2010 to February 2013, we conducted a three years of active surveillance for meningitis in nine hospitals throughout Mexico. Active surveillance started at the emergency department for every suspected case, and microbiological studies confirmed\/ruled out all potentially bacterial pathogens. We diagnosed based on routine cultures from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (not polymerase chain reaction or other molecular diagnostic tests), and both pneumococcal serotyping and meningococcal serogrouping by using standard methods. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Neisseria meningitidis was the leading cause, although 75% of cases occurred in the northwest of the country in Tijuana on the US border. Serogroup C was predominant. Streptococcus pneumoniae followed Neisseria meningitides, but was uniformly distributed throughout the country. Serotype 19A was the most incident but before universal implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Other bacteria were much less common, including Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus agalactiae (these two affecting mostly young infants). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Meningococcal meningitis is endemic in Tijuana, Mexico, and vaccination should be seriously considered in that region. Continuous universal vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine should be nationally performed, and polymerase chain reaction should be included for bacterial detection in all cultures \u2013 negative but presumably bacterial meningitis cases. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2051013616650158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T02:20:31Z","timestamp":1464056431000},"page":"15-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> as leading causes of pediatric bacterial meningitis in nine Mexican hospitals following 3 years of active surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Enrique","family":"Chacon-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Tijuana, Paseo Centario S\/N, Zona del Rio, Tijuana, 22010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar Adrian","family":"Martinez-Longoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario \u2018Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez,\u2019 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Llausas-Magana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pediatrico de Sinaloa \u2018Dr. Rigoberto Aguilar Pico,\u2019 Culiacan, Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Luevanos-Velazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u2018Fray Antonio Alcalde,\u2019 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Alejandro","family":"Vazquez-Narvaez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil de Morelia \u2018Eva Samano de Lopez Mateos,\u2019 Morelia, Michoacan, Morelia, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General \u2018Dr. Rafael Pascacio Gamboa,\u2019 Tuxtla Gutierrez Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Elena","family":"Limon-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Pemex Picacho, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Urtiz-Jeronimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital para el Ni\u00f1o de Toluca, Edo. Mexico, Toluca, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Castaneda-Narvaez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Otero-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Aguilar-Del Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital M\u00e9dica Sur, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Rodriguez-Chagoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u2018Fray Antonio Alcalde,\u2019 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"Rivas-Landeros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Volker-Soberanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"Hinojosa-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario \u2018Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez,\u2019 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Arzate-Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Karina","family":"Aviles-Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil de Morelia \u2018Eva Samano de Lopez Mateos,\u2019 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