{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:41:42Z","timestamp":1753882902069,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research &amp; Politics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> On August 9, 1974, Richard M. Nixon formally resigned the presidency; however, folklore hints Nixon informally quit fulfilling his duties well before then. As Watergate became less \u201ca third rate burglary\u201d than \u201chigh crimes and misdemeanors,\u201d rumors of President Nixon\u2019s wallowing, wandering, drinking, and mumbling swirled. Yet evidence for such assertions has been thin, and prevailing scholarship offers compelling reasons to believe Nixon\u2019s institutional protocols overrode his individual proclivities. This study offers a new, systematic look at Nixon\u2019s presidency by coding his public events and private interactions with top government officials during every day of his presidency. Contrary to our expectations, the results corroborate the rumors: Richard Nixon effectively quit being president well before he resigned the presidency. In fact, it turns out there was a defining moment when Nixon disengaged from his administration: on December 6, 1973, the day Gerald Ford was confirmed as Vice President. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2053168017704800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T10:05:04Z","timestamp":1492682704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Did Nixon quit before he resigned?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Matthew N.","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"reference":[{"journal-title":"Newsweek","year":"1973","author":"Alsop S","key":"bibr1-2053168017704800"},{"volume-title":"Nixon: Ruin and Recovery 1973\u20131990","year":"1991","author":"Ambrose SE","key":"bibr2-2053168017704800"},{"volume-title":"The Presidential Character: Predicting Performance in the White House","year":"1972","author":"Barber JD","key":"bibr3-2053168017704800"},{"volume-title":"The President in the Legislative Arena","year":"1990","author":"Bond JR","key":"bibr4-2053168017704800"},{"volume-title":"Presidential Government: The Crucible of Leadership","year":"1965","author":"Burns JM","key":"bibr5-2053168017704800"},{"key":"bibr6-2053168017704800","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226092492.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr7-2053168017704800","first-page":"30","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency","author":"Canes-Wrone B","year":"2009"},{"journal-title":"Chicago Tribune","year":"1995","author":"Chicago Tribune","key":"bibr8-2053168017704800"},{"key":"bibr9-2053168017704800","unstructured":"CNN (2010) Former secretary of state Alexander Haig dies at 85. 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