{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T19:28:56Z","timestamp":1766518136456,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Post Reprod Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2010, our hospital, in line with National guidance, changed advice on antibiotic prescribing for UTI to reduce use of cephalosporins in favour of penicillins. We hypothesized that this change in policy would have no impact on the pattern of antibiotic resistance of the organisms causing UTI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Audit review of all urine samples sent to BWH from 2009 to 2013 and positive cultures showing Enterobacteriaceae were then tested for antibiotic susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There has been an increase in the resistance of both Co-amoxiclav and Ciprofloxacin since 2009. Co-amoxiclav and trimethoprim now have similar resistance rates. Ciprofloxacin resistance has risen fairly quickly in the last four years from 1% to 8%. Resistance to nitrofurantoin has remained low. Gentamicin resistance remained stable and very low, second best to meroponem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results have been fed back to commissioners and internally and are being used as part of the guideline updating process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital protocols for treating infections should be reviewed and updated based on accurate local data. These data should be used for formulating regional specific protocols. Our results suggest that meroponem and ciprofloxacin should be reserved for microbiologically proven resistance to other antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2053369115614526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,6]],"date-time":"2015-11-06T20:08:12Z","timestamp":1446840492000},"page":"151-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Local audit: How tightly should we police antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infection and how should we modify national policy?"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Amallia","family":"Brair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Toozs-Hobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499406"},{"key":"bibr2-2053369115614526","unstructured":"Bhatia R. Editorial: The burgeoning challenge of antimicrobial resistance.\n                      Regional Health Forum\n                      2011; 15: v."},{"key":"bibr3-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00252-2"},{"key":"bibr4-2053369115614526","unstructured":"Sadovsky R. Managing first-time and recurrent UTIs.\n                      Clinical Advisor\n                      2007; May 18. Clinical Advisor Summit: The NP\/PA Approach."},{"key":"bibr5-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fairley KF, Carson NE, Gutch RC, et al. Site of infection in acute urinary tract infection in general practice.\n                      Lancet\n                      1971; 2: 615-618.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)80066-1"},{"key":"bibr6-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turck M, Ronald AR and Peterdorf RG. Relapse and reinfection in chronic bacteriuria II: The correlation between site of infection and pattern of recurrence in chronic bacteriuria.\n                      N Engl J Med\n                      1968; 278: 422-427.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196802222780804"},{"key":"bibr7-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts AP and Phillips R. Bacteria causing symptomatic urinary tract infection or bacteriuria.\n                      J Clin Pathol\n                      1979; 32: 492-496.","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.32.5.492"},{"key":"bibr8-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong ES, Fennell CL and Stamm WE. Urinary tract infection among women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.\n                      Sex Transm Dis\n                      1984; 11: 18-23.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198401000-00004"},{"key":"bibr9-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01543.x"},{"key":"bibr10-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0003256"},{"key":"bibr11-2053369115614526","first-page":"1153","volume":"71","author":"Simerville JA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Phys"},{"key":"bibr12-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.13-3-263"},{"key":"bibr13-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milo G, Katchman E, Paul M, et\u00a0al. Duration of antibacterial treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2, 2005. Art. No.: CD004682. DOI: 10.1002\/14651858.CD004682.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004682.pub2"},{"key":"bibr14-2053369115614526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv050"},{"key":"bibr15-2053369115614526","unstructured":"NICE guidelines. Antimicrobial stewardship: systems and processes for effective antimicrobial medicine use. August 2015. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng15."}],"container-title":["Post Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053369115614526","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2053369115614526","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053369115614526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T19:25:06Z","timestamp":1766517906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2053369115614526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2053369115614526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053369115614526","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-3691","2053-3705"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2053-3691"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2053-3705"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]}}}