{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:20:03Z","timestamp":1785547203162,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,8]],"date-time":"2017-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Post Reprod Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of orally administered fennel on vaginal atrophy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 60 postmenopausal women living in Mashhad, Iran, were randomly divided into an oral fennel group (n\u2009=\u200930) and a placebo group (n\u2009=\u200930). The Maturation Vaginal Index and maturation values were measured once at baseline and again upon a three-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The paired t-test showed statistically significant changes in the Maturation Vaginal Index (i.e. a decline in the parabasal cells and an increase in the intermediate and superficial cells) and maturation values in both the fennel and placebo groups at the end of the trial compared to at baseline. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed in the percentages of the parabasal (P\u2009=\u20090.191), intermediate (P\u2009=\u20090.219) and superficial (P\u2009=\u20090.82) cells, which was also the case for the maturation values (P\u2009=\u20090.64).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fennel had no significant positive effects on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Nonetheless, more studies are recommended to be conducted using higher doses of fennel and larger sample sizes so as to verify the results of this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2053369117733629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T01:24:28Z","timestamp":1507512268000},"page":"171-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Masumeh","family":"Ghazanfarpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paymaneh","family":"Shokrollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Health, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talat","family":"Khadivzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nosrat","family":"Baharian Sharghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"},{"name":"Omolbanin Hospital, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadijeh","family":"Mirzaii Najmabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoudeh","family":"Babakhanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Hossine","family":"Jafarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0b013e318287342d"},{"key":"bibr2-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130802585576"},{"key":"bibr3-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130601066588"},{"key":"bibr4-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(99)00018-3"},{"key":"bibr5-2053369117733629","first-page":"407","volume":"56","author":"Colacurci N","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"key":"bibr6-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107155760200900410"},{"key":"bibr7-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2015.1036409"},{"key":"bibr8-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2015.1049249"},{"key":"bibr9-2053369117733629","first-page":"273","volume":"6","author":"Ghazanfarpour M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avicenna J Phytomed"},{"key":"bibr10-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2015.1011104"},{"key":"bibr11-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-013-1327-0"},{"key":"bibr12-2053369117733629","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.11.005"},{"key":"bibr13-2053369117733629","first-page":"346","volume":"3","author":"Garga C","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Rev"},{"key":"bibr14-2053369117733629","first-page":"110","volume":"4","author":"Sadrefozalayi S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Avicenna J Phytomed"},{"key":"bibr15-2053369117733629","unstructured":"Barij Essence Pharmaceutical Co, www.barijessence.com (accessed 22 September 2016]."},{"key":"bibr16-2053369117733629","first-page":"21","volume":"29","author":"Malini T","year":"1985","journal-title":"seed extract on the genital organs of male and female rats. 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Effective treatment of vaginal atrophy with isoflavone vaginal gel.\n                      Maturitas\n                      2013; 74: 252\u2013258.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.11.012"}],"container-title":["Post Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053369117733629","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2053369117733629","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053369117733629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T19:25:18Z","timestamp":1766517918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2053369117733629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2053369117733629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053369117733629","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-3691","2053-3705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-3691","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-3705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,8]]}}}