{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:46:53Z","timestamp":1790660813012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Post Reprod Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex cord-stromal neoplasms of the ovary are rare tumors and a very infrequent cause of androgen excess and virilization in women. We report two cases of postmenopausal women with rapidly progressive signs of virilization and negative or indeterminate imaging for pelvic masses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both patients underwent a complete hormone profile, inconclusive transvaginal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum hormone analysis revealed for both cases a marked increase in serum total testosterone (T). In the first woman, \u0394-4 androstenedione (\u0394-4 A), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol levels were in a normal range for age. In the second, \u0394-4 A and DHEA-S levels were below the reference range. For both women, an ovarian source of androgens was suspected and bilateral laparoscopic oophorectomy was performed. Ovarian histology demostrated bilateral Leydig cell tumor (LCT) in the first case and bilateral ovarian thecoma in the second. After surgery, total testosterone returned to normal levels and clinical symptoms subsided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cases of postmenopausal androgen excess, physicians must rule out relatively rare androgen-producing tumors originating from the adrenals or ovaries. Regardless of imaging evaluation, our report highlights the importance of prompt and careful clinical and hormonal evaluation to ensure appropriate and timely treatment for the patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20533691241304541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T10:20:17Z","timestamp":1732789217000},"page":"45-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Diagnostic pitfalls in ovarian androgen-secreting tumors in postmenopausal women with rapidly progressed severe hyperandrogenism"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Garzia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8210-9282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Galiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo Pasquale","family":"Guarnerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1457"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.304095745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2015.34414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-016-0291-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"130030","article-title":"Steroid cell tumor: a rare cause of hirsutism in a female","volume":"2013","author":"Swain J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Swain J, Sharma S, Prakash V, et al. Steroid cell tumor: a rare cause of hirsutism in a female. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2013; 2013: 130030.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2009.50.1.169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pgp.0000192271.22289.e6"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"656","article-title":"Inhibin expression in ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"11","author":"Kommoss F","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kommoss F, Oliva E, Bhan AK, et al. Inhibin expression in ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions: an immunohistochemical study. Mod Pathol 1998; 11(7): 656\u2013664.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.933126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.51.1.148"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00014","DOI":"10.31403\/rpgo.v66i2257","article-title":"Tumor de c\u00e9lulas de Leydig puro de ovario en mujer premenop\u00e1usica","volume":"66","author":"Apelt-Alcalay D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Apelt-Alcalay D, Reyna-Villasmil E. Tumor de c\u00e9lulas de Leydig puro de ovario en mujer premenop\u00e1usica. Revista Peruana de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia. 2020; 66(2): 00014.","journal-title":"Revista Peruana de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2016.016261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Scully R et al. 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