{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:54:50Z","timestamp":1777456490865,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper we introduce the device perspective as a methodological contribution to platform studies. Through an engagement with debates about the notion of affordances, which focus on the relation between the technical and the social, we put forward an approach to study the production of data within platforms by engaging with the material properties of platforms as well as their interpretation and deployment by various types of users. As a case in point, we study how the affordances of Wikipedia are deployed in the production of encyclopedic knowledge and how this can be used to study controversies. The analysis shows how Wikipedia affords unstable encyclopedic knowledge by having mechanisms in place that suggest the continuous (re)negotiation of existing knowledge. We furthermore showcase the use of our open-source software, Contropedia, which can be utilized to study knowledge production on Wikipedia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951716653418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T06:04:45Z","timestamp":1484114685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Platform affordances and data practices: The value of dispute on Wikipedia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Weltevrede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Borra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao P, Hecht B, Carton S, et\u00a0al. (2012) Omnipedia: Bridging the Wikipedia Language Gap. In:\n                      Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems\n                      , CHI \u201812. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp.\u20091075\u20131084.","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208553"},{"key":"bibr2-2053951716653418","unstructured":"BBC Trust (2011) BBC Trust review of impartiality and accuracy of the BBC\u2019s coverage of science.\n                      BBC Trust\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bbctrust\/our_work\/editorial_standards\/impartiality\/science_impartiality.html (accessed 9 November 2014)."},{"key":"bibr102-1363460715620576","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borra E, Weltevrede E, Ciuccarelli P, et al. (2015). Societal Controversies in Wikipedia Articles. In:\n                      Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems\n                      , CHI. Seoul, Republic of Korea: ACM Press, pp.193\u2013-196.","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702436"},{"key":"bibr3-2053951716653418","author":"Bogost I","year":"2009","journal-title":"Digital Arts and Culture"},{"key":"bibr4-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500171"},{"key":"bibr5-2053951716653418","volume-title":"Programmed sociality: A software studies perspective on social networking sites","author":"Bucher T","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr6-2053951716653418","volume-title":"Market Devices","author":"Callon M","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr7-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Device (2016) OED online. Available at: http:\/\/www.oed.com\/view\/Entry\/51464 (accessed 29 February 2016)."},{"key":"bibr8-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekstrand MD and Riedl JT (2009) rv you\u2019re dumb: Identifying discarded work in Wiki article history. In:\n                      Proceedings of the 5th international Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration\n                      . New York, NY: ACM, p.4.","DOI":"10.1145\/1641309.1641317"},{"key":"bibr9-2053951716653418","volume-title":"Behind the Blip: Essays on the Culture of Software","author":"Fuller M","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr10-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262062749.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr11-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2013.873069"},{"key":"bibr12-2053951716653418","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing Toward an Ecological Psychology","author":"Gibson J","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr13-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809342738"},{"key":"bibr14-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9302.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr15-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hecht B and Gergle D (2009) Measuring self-focus bias in community-maintained knowledge repositories. In:\n                      Proceedings of the fourth international conference on communities and technologies\n                      . New York, NY: ACM, pp.11\u201320.","DOI":"10.1145\/1556460.1556463"},{"key":"bibr16-2053951716653418","volume-title":"The web as platform: Data flows in social media","author":"Helmond A","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr17-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kittur A, Suh B, Pendleton BA, et\u00a0al. (2007) He says, she says: Conflict and coordination in Wikipedia. In:\n                      Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems\n                      , New York: ACM, pp.453\u2013462.","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240698"},{"key":"bibr18-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199256044.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr19-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17530350.2013.812042"},{"key":"bibr20-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203854921"},{"key":"bibr21-2053951716653418","volume":"1","author":"McVeigh-Schultz J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Media+Society"},{"key":"bibr22-2053951716653418","unstructured":"MediaWiki Contributors (n.d.) MediaWiki.\n                      MediaWiki\n                      , Wiki. Available at: https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/w\/index.php?title=MediaWiki&oldid=545966 (accessed 19 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr23-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305115603385"},{"key":"bibr24-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444810365297"},{"key":"bibr25-2053951716653418","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Critical Point of View, a Wikipedia Reader","author":"Niesyto J","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr26-2053951716653418","volume-title":"The Design of Everyday Things","author":"Norman DA","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr27-2053951716653418","volume-title":"Cyberchiefs: Autonomy and Authority in Online Tribes","author":"O\u2019Neil M","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr28-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Parker A (2011) Hashtags, a new way for tweets: Cultural studies.\n                      The New York Times\n                      , 10 June. 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New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 1\u20133."},{"key":"bibr40-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226192444.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr41-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662509102694"},{"key":"bibr42-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vi\u00e9gas F, Wattenberg M, Kriss J, et\u00a0al. (2007) Talk before you type: Coordination in Wikipedia. In:\n                      Fortieth annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences, 2007. HICSS 2007.\n                      IEEE, pp.78\u201378.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2007.511"},{"key":"bibr43-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Weltevrede E (2016)\n                      Repurposing digital methods.\n                      The Netherlands: PhD Dissertation, University of Amsterdam."},{"key":"bibr44-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2007a) Global warming.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Global_warming&oldid=99492775 (accessed 19 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr45-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2007b) Global warming.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Global_warming&oldid=105516662 (accessed 19 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr46-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2007c) Global warming.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Global_warming&oldid=117768478 (accessed 19 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr47-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2007d) Global warming.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Global_warming&oldid=179874419 (accessed 19 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr48-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2007e) List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=List_of_scientists_opposing_the_mainstream_scientific_assessment_of_global_warming&oldid=180784320 (accessed 16 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr49-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2010a) Talk:Global warming\/Archive 24#POV_in_the_intro.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Talk:Global_warming\/Archive_24&oldid=385796965#POV_in_the_intro (accessed 19 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr50-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2010b) Talk:Global warming\/Archive 55#Text_discussion.2C_2nd_section.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Talk:Global_warming\/Archive_55&oldid=385799721#Text_discussion.2C_2nd_section (accessed 19 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr51-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2010c) Talk:List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming\/Archive 4.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Talk:List_of_scientists_opposing_the_mainstream_scientific_assessment_of_global_warming\/Archive_4&oldid=390253739 (accessed 18 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr52-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2010d) Talk:List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming\/Archive 4#AEB2.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Talk:List_of_scientists_opposing_the_mainstream_scientific_assessment_of_global_warming\/Archive_4&oldid=390253739#AEB2 (accessed 18 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr53-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2010e) Talk:List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming\/Archive 11#title.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Talk:List_of_scientists_opposing_the_mainstream_scientific_assessment_of_global_warming\/Archive_11&oldid=385814601#title (accessed 18 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr54-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2012) Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines&oldid=528865694 (accessed 16 July 2015)."},{"key":"bibr55-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2013a) Help:Reverting.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Help:Reverting&oldid=532118767 (accessed 9 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr56-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2013b) Wikipedia:Edit warring.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Edit_warring&oldid=531927086 (accessed 8 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr57-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2013c) Wikipedia:Neutral point of view.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view&oldid=533113104 (accessed 14 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr58-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2013d) Wikipedia:User access levels.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:User_access_levels&oldid=532841128 (accessed 13 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr59-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2014a) Wikipedia:Automatic edit summaries.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Automatic_edit_summaries&oldid=610242782 (accessed 26 May 2014)."},{"key":"bibr60-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2014b) Wikipedia:Consensus.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Consensus&oldid=623509425 (accessed 30 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr61-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2014c) Wikipedia:List of controversial issues.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:List_of_controversial_issues&oldid=621866745 (accessed 19 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr62-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2014d) Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Words to watch.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Words_to_watch&oldid=621505551 (accessed 25 July 2014)."},{"key":"bibr63-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2014e) Wikipedia:Neutral point of view.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view&oldid=619907416 (accessed 5 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr64-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2014f) Wikipedia:No original research.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:No_original_research&oldid=621190554 (accessed 14 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr65-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2014g) Wikipedia:Purpose.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Purpose&oldid=615280437 (accessed 2 July 2014)."},{"key":"bibr66-2053951716653418","unstructured":"Wikipedia contributors (2014h) Wikipedia:Verifiability.\n                      Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n                      . Available at: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Verifiability&oldid=624874142 (accessed 9 September 2014)."},{"key":"bibr67-2053951716653418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038869"}],"container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053951716653418","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2053951716653418","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053951716653418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:02:02Z","timestamp":1777381322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2053951716653418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2053951716653418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951716653418","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-9517","2053-9517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-9517","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-9517","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"article-number":"2053951716653418"}}