{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:27:24Z","timestamp":1777454844736,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With Google marking its 20th year online, the piece provides a retrospective of cultural commentary and select works of Google art that have transformed the search engine into an object of critical interest. Taken up are artistic and cultural responses to Google by independent artists but also by cultural critics and technology writers, including the development of such evocative notions as the deep web, flickering man and filter bubble. Among the critiques that have taken shape in the works to be discussed here are objects and subjects brought into being by Google (such as \u2018spammy neighbourhoods\u2019), Googlization, Google\u2019s information politics, its licensing (or what one is agreeing to when searching) as well as issues surrounding specific products such as Google Street View, as Google leaves the web, capturing more spaces to search.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951718768626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]],"date-time":"2018-04-09T08:24:05Z","timestamp":1523262245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Aestheticizing Google critique: A 20-year retrospective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0263276411417430"},{"key":"bibr2-2053951718768626","volume-title":"Free: The Future of a Radical Price","author":"Anderson C","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr3-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Anderson I (2012) Time for a World AIDS Day Google Doodle. poz.com, 19 November."},{"key":"bibr4-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Barbaro M and Zeller T Jr (2006) A face is exposed for AOL searcher no. 4417749.\n                      The New York Times\n                      , A1."},{"key":"bibr5-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Battelle J (2003a) The database of intentions. John Battelle\u2019s Searchblog, 13 November."},{"key":"bibr6-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Battelle J (2003b) The \u2018Creeping Googlization\u2019 meme.\n                      BusinessWeek Online\n                      , 16 December."},{"key":"bibr7-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Baughman J (2010) Google picks Rosa Parks over World AIDS Day, Cafemom.com, 1 December."},{"key":"bibr8-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/3336451.0007.104"},{"key":"bibr9-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Bruno C (2002) The Google AdWords happening, the Dadameter, net art. christophebruno.com, April."},{"key":"bibr10-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Carr N (2007) From contemplative man to flickering man. Encyclopaedia Britannica Blog, blogs.britannica.com, 13 June."},{"key":"bibr11-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Chiber K (2014) American cultural imperialism has a new name: GAFA\n                      .\n                      Quartz, qz.com, 1 December."},{"key":"bibr12-2053951718768626","unstructured":"CHM Tech (2017) I\u2019m feeling lucky, video. Available at: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4qeGFMP-Ahw (accessed 27 March 2018)."},{"key":"bibr13-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Cirio P (2012) Street ghosts, digital art. streetghosts.net."},{"key":"bibr14-2053951718768626","volume-title":"Flesh Machine","author":"Critical Art Ensemble","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr15-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Cutts M (2006) Indexing timeline, Matt Cutts: Gadgets, Google, and SEO. mattcutts.com, 16 May."},{"key":"bibr16-2053951718768626","unstructured":"De Geuzen (2006) Global anxiety monitor, net art. Available at: www.geuzen.org\/anxiety (accessed 27 March 2018)."},{"key":"bibr17-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Dewey C (2014) Google will eat itself: A Q&A with the creators of a subversive, oddly timeless piece of conceptual art.\n                      Washington Post\n                      , 21 March."},{"key":"bibr18-2053951718768626","volume-title":"RFID Imagery: Wet and Dry Associations Compared","author":"Digital Methods Initiative","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr19-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Donttrack.us (2017) Google trackers are lurking on 75% of websites, website. donttrack.us."},{"key":"bibr20-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Dowd M (2015) The Google art heist.\n                      New York Times\n                      , 12 September."},{"key":"bibr21-2053951718768626","first-page":"183","volume-title":"The Dialogue Imperative","author":"Elali LA","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr22-2053951718768626","volume-title":"I Love Alaska. Mini-movies","author":"Engelberts L","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr23-2053951718768626","volume-title":"Investigations of Google Street View","author":"EPIC","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr24-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Ferenstein G (2015) Google\u2019s end game is a single perfect search result, as Eric Schmidt explains (in one quote). Medium.com, 20 April."},{"key":"bibr25-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v16i2.3344"},{"key":"bibr26-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Fisher A (2013) Google\u2019s road map to global domination,\n                      New York Times\n                      , 11 December."},{"key":"bibr27-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Fratti K (2014) No Google Doodle for World AIDS Day?\n                      Adweek\n                      , 1 December."},{"key":"bibr28-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Hassine T (2005) Shmoogle, net art. Available at: http:\/\/missdata.org\/shmoogle\/shmoogle_art.html (accessed 27 March 2018)."},{"key":"bibr29-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Hilfling L (2007) Misspelling Generator, net art. misspelling-generator.org."},{"key":"bibr31-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2004.10.007"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr30-2053951718768626","first-page":"1358","volume":"60","author":"Jansen BJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"bibr32-2053951718768626","volume-title":"Google and the Myth of Universal Knowledge: A View from Europe","author":"Jeanneney J-N","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr33-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5360.98"},{"key":"bibr34-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/21987"},{"key":"bibr35-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenssen P (2006) 55 ways to have fun with Google, 55fun.com.","DOI":"10.1108\/ijppm.2006.07955gab.001"},{"key":"bibr36-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Losh L (2009) The Googlization of the BNF. virtualpolitik.blogspot.com, 2 September.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7966.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr37-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14361\/9783839408049"},{"key":"bibr38-2053951718768626","unstructured":"McCullagh D (2006a) Politicians lash out at tech firms over China. cnet.com, 16 February."},{"key":"bibr39-2053951718768626","unstructured":"McCullagh D (2006b) AOL\u2019s disturbing glimpse into users\u2019 lives. cnet.com, 9 August."},{"key":"bibr40-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Mediative (2011)\n                      Eye Tracking and Click Mapping Google Places\n                      . Toronto: Mediative."},{"key":"bibr41-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Metahaven (2013)\n                      Data\/Saga, Digital Models and Sketches\n                      . Amsterdam: Metahaven."},{"key":"bibr42-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Monta\u00f1o C and Slobe T (2014)\n                      #DoodleUs: Gender & Race in Google Doodles\n                      . Waterville, MA: SPARK Movement."},{"key":"bibr43-2053951718768626","volume-title":"The Filter Bubble","author":"Pariser E","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr44-2053951718768626","volume-title":"The Mode of Information","author":"Poster M","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr45-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Parda P (2006) On Occasion, net art, par-don.com\/piotr\/google\/."},{"key":"bibr46-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/10116.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr47-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Remaker P (2015) What\u2019s the story behind the \u201cI\u2019m Feeling Lucky\u201d button on the Google home page? quora.com, 5 August."},{"key":"bibr48-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Rieder B (2012) What is in PageRank?\n                      Computational Culture\n                      , 28 September."},{"key":"bibr49-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Rogers R (ed.) (2000)\n                      Preferred Placement: Knowledge Politics on the Web\n                      . Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Academy."},{"key":"bibr50-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Rogers R and Govcom.org (2008)\n                      Google and the Politics of Tabs\n                      . Amsterdam: Govcom.org. Available at: https:\/\/movies.digitalmethods.net\/google.html (accessed 27 March 2018)."},{"key":"bibr51-2053951718768626","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Global Information Society Watch (GISWatch) 2009","author":"Rogers R","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr52-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Schwartz B (2016) Google\u2019s Paul Haahr: We don\u2019t fully understand RankBrain. seroundtable.com, 8 March."},{"key":"bibr53-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarz JA (2017) Platform logic: An interdisciplinary approach to the platform-based economy.\n                      Policy & Internet\n                      9(4): 374\u2013394. Available at: http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/poi3.159 (accessed 27 March 2018).","DOI":"10.1002\/poi3.159"},{"key":"bibr54-2053951718768626","volume-title":"Rebooting Ranking Factors: Google.com","author":"Smart Metrics","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr55-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Stevenson M (2007) Whatever button, artware. erikborra.net\/portfolio\/whatever-button\/."},{"key":"bibr56-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Studio Moniker (2012) State of the Queries, video art work. studiomoniker.com\/projects\/state-of-the-queries."},{"key":"bibr57-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Thornton P (2017) What is Orwell\u2019s 1984 really worth?\n                      Linguistic Geographies\n                      , 28 August. Available at: https:\/\/linguisticgeographies.com\/author\/pipthorntonrhul\/ (accessed 27 March 2018)."},{"key":"bibr58-2053951718768626","volume-title":"Niche Envy","author":"Turow J","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr59-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Ubermorgen, Ludovico A and Cireo P (2005) Google will eat itself, autocanibalism. net art, gwei.org."},{"key":"bibr60-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Ubermorgen, Ludovico A and Cireo P (2006) Amazon Noir, net art. amazon-noir.com."},{"key":"bibr61-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Ubermorgen, Ludovico and Cireo (2011) Face to Facebook, net art. face-to-facebook.net."},{"key":"bibr62-2053951718768626","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520948693"},{"key":"bibr63-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Weskamp M (2004) Newsmap. newsmap.jp."},{"key":"bibr64-2053951718768626","unstructured":"Wikimedia (2011) From Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales. wikimediafoundation.org, 2 December."}],"container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053951718768626","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2053951718768626","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053951718768626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:57:40Z","timestamp":1777381060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2053951718768626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2053951718768626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951718768626","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-9517","2053-9517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-9517","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-9517","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"article-number":"2053951718768626"}}