{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:29:08Z","timestamp":1777454948192,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE160101542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE160101542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP170100122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP170100122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents the results of methodological experimentation that utilises machine learning to investigate automated copyright enforcement on YouTube. Using a dataset of 76.7 million YouTube videos, we explore how digital and computational methods can be leveraged to better understand content moderation and copyright enforcement at a large scale.We used the BERT language model to train a machine learning classifier to identify videos in categories that reflect ongoing controversies in copyright takedowns. We use this to explore, in a granular way, how copyright is enforced on YouTube, using both statistical methods and qualitative analysis of our categorised dataset. We provide a large-scale systematic analysis of removals rates from Content ID\u2019s automated detection system and the largely automated, text search based, Digital Millennium Copyright Act notice and takedown system. These are complex systems that are often difficult to analyse, and YouTube only makes available data at high levels of abstraction. Our analysis provides a comparison of different types of automation in content moderation, and we show how these different systems play out across different categories of content. We hope that this work provides a methodological base for continued experimentation with the use of digital and computational methods to enable large-scale analysis of the operation of automated systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951720919963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T14:26:00Z","timestamp":1588083960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Playing with machines: Using machine learning to understand automated copyright enforcement at scale"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Joanne E","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3029-0646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas P","family":"Suzor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","unstructured":"Adhikari A Ram A Tang R et\u00a0al. (2019) DocBERT: BERT for Document Classification. Available at: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1904.08398v1 (accessed 20 April 2019)."},{"issue":"339","key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","article-title":"Behind the scenes of online copyright enforcement: Empirical evidence on notice & takedown","volume":"50","author":"Bar-Ziv S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bar-Ziv S, andElkin-Koren N (2018) Behind the scenes of online copyright enforcement: Empirical evidence on notice & takedown. Connecticut Law Review 50: 339\u2013385.","journal-title":"Connecticut Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binns R Veale M Van Kleek M et\u00a0al. (2017) Like trainer like bot? Inheritance of bias in algorithmic content moderation. In: International conference on social informatics 2017 pp. 405\u2013415. Berlin: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67256-4_32"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17430437.2011.530011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clp\/54.1.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_1","first-page":"993","article-title":"Latent dirichlet allocation","volume":"3","author":"Blei DM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blei DM, Ng AY, andJordan MI (2003) Latent dirichlet allocation. Journal of Machine Learning Research 3(Jan): 993\u20131022.","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_8_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"The next great YouTube: Improving content ID to foster creativity, cooperation and fair compensation","volume":"25","author":"Boroughf B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boroughf B (2015) The next great YouTube: Improving content ID to foster creativity, cooperation and fair compensation. Albany Law Journal of Science & Technology 25(1): 95.","journal-title":"Albany Law Journal of Science & Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bridy A (2016) Copyright\u2019s digital deputies: DMCA-plus enforcement by internet intermediaries. In: Rothchild J (ed.) Research Handbook on Electronic Commerce Law. Edward Elgar pp. 185\u2013208.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781783479924.00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bridy A (forthcoming) Addressing infringement: Developments in the US and the DNS. In: Frosio G (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability. London: Oxford University Press. Available at: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3264879 (accessed 15 April 2020)","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780198837138.013.32"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199401)45:1<12::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1367877913513684"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_1","unstructured":"Burgess J andGreen J (2018) Youtube: Online Video and Participatory Culture. 2nd ed. Digital Media and Society. Cambridge: Polity Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MTAS.2003.1216242"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_1","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Technological due process","volume":"85","author":"Citron DK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Citron DK (2007) Technological due process. Washington University Law Review 85: 1249.","journal-title":"Washington University Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_1","unstructured":"Devlin J Chang M-W Lee K et\u00a0al. (2018) BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. Available at: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1810.04805v1 (accessed 2 March 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2014.976411"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"Game of clones and the Australia tax: Divergent views about copyright business models and the willingness of Australian consumers to infringe","volume":"38","author":"Dootson P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dootson P, andSuzor N (2015) Game of clones and the Australia tax: Divergent views about copyright business models and the willingness of Australian consumers to infringe. The. University of New South Wales Law Journal 38: 206\u2013329.","journal-title":"The. University of New South Wales Law Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkin-Koren N (2014) After twenty years: Revisiting copyright liability of online intermediaries. In: Frankel S and Gervais DJ (eds) The Evolution and Equilibrium of Copyright in the Digital Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press pp. 29\u201351.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107477179.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_20_1","article-title":"\u201cThis video is unavailable\u201d: Analyzing copyright takedown of user-generated content on YouTube","volume":"9","author":"Erickson K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erickson K, andKretschmer M (2018) \u201cThis video is unavailable\u201d: Analyzing copyright takedown of user-generated content on YouTube. Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce 9(1): 75\u201389. http:\/\/www.jipitec.eu\/issues\/jipitec-9-1-2018\/4680","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_1","unstructured":"European Commission (2018) Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on preventing the dissemination of terrorist content online. 2018\/0331 (COD) 12 September. Available at: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/sites\/beta-political\/files\/soteu2018-preventing-terrorist-content-online-regulation-640_en.pdf (accessed 15 April 2020)"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_1","unstructured":"European Union Parliament (2018) Amendments adopted by the European Parliament on 12 September 2018 ( ) on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright in the Digital Single Market COM(2016)059-C8-0383\/2016-2016\/0280(COD)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiala L andHusovec M (2018) Using experimental evidence to design optimal notice and takedown process. TILEC Discussion Paper DP2018-028.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3218286"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_1","unstructured":"Garrett R (2016) Comments of The Professional Sports Organizations in the Matter of Section 512 Study before the Copyright Office Library of Congress. 2015\u20132017 Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7253.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_1","volume-title":"Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions that Shape Social Media","author":"Gillespie T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gillespie T (2018) Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions that Shape Social Media. 1st ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_1","unstructured":"Google (2016) How Google Fights Piracy. Available at: https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BwxyRPFduTN2TmpGajJ6TnRLaDA\/view (accessed 15 April 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190072070.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1342203"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_1","first-page":"457","article-title":"Sports leagues\u2019 new social media policies: Enforcement under copyright law and state law","volume":"34","author":"Hull MR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hull MR (2010) Sports leagues\u2019 new social media policies: Enforcement under copyright law and state law. The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts 34: 457.","journal-title":"The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2966\/scrip.150218.277"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_1","unstructured":"Jones AJ (2017) By throwing fans and writers in Twitter jail sports leagues are abusing the law. The Guardian 13 April. Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/sport\/2017\/apr\/13\/twitter-sports-leagues-rules-journalist-account-suspensions (accessed 19 March 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijlit\/eat004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_1","unstructured":"McSherry C (2014) Lawrence Lessig settles fair use lawsuit over phoenix music snippets. In: eff.org. Available at: https:\/\/www.eff.org\/press\/releases\/lawrence-lessig-settles-fair-use-lawsuit-over-phoenix-music-snippets (accessed 15 April 2020)"},{"issue":"215","key":"e_1_3_6_35_1","article-title":"Does it have to be a copyright infringement: Live game streaming and copyright","volume":"24","author":"Matsui S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matsui S (2016) Does it have to be a copyright infringement: Live game streaming and copyright. Texas Intellectual Property Law Journal 24: 215.","journal-title":"Texas Intellectual Property Law Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Internet piracy of live sports telecasts","volume":"18","author":"Mellis MJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mellis MJ (2007) Internet piracy of live sports telecasts. Marquette Sports Law Review 18: 259.","journal-title":"Marquette Sports Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_1","unstructured":"Mou L Meng Z Yan R et\u00a0al. (2016) How transferable are neural networks in NLP applications? arXiv:1603.06111 [cs]. Available at: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1603.06111 (accessed 10 April 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_1","unstructured":"Nas S (2004) The Multatuli project: ISP notice & take down. In: 4th international system administration and network engineering conference Amsterdam Netherlands September 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_1","unstructured":"Pariser J (2016) Comments of the Motion Picture Association of America before the Library of Congress United States Copyright Office in the Matter of Requests for Comments on United States Copyright Office Section 512 Study. Docket No. 2015-7 1 April."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674736061"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195385649.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_1","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: Machine learning in python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A, et\u00a0al. (2011) Scikit-learn: Machine learning in python. Journal of Machine Learning Research 12: 2825\u20132830.","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Accountability in algorithmic copyright enforcement","volume":"19","author":"Perel M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perel M, andElkin-Koren N (2016) Accountability in algorithmic copyright enforcement. Stanford Technology Law Review 19: 473\u2013532.","journal-title":"Stanford Technology Law Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_44_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Black box tinkering: Beyond disclosure in algorithmic enforcement","volume":"69","author":"Perel M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perel M, andElkin-Koren N (2017) Black box tinkering: Beyond disclosure in algorithmic enforcement. Florida Law Review 69(1): 181.","journal-title":"Florida Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_1","unstructured":"Reda J (2019) Upload filters. Available at: https:\/\/juliareda.eu\/eu-copyright-reform\/censorship-machines\/ (accessed 11 April 2019)."},{"issue":"369","key":"e_1_3_6_46_1","article-title":"The state of the discordant union: An empirical analysis of DMCA takedown notices","volume":"18","author":"Seng D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seng D (2014) The state of the discordant union: An empirical analysis of DMCA takedown notices. Virginia Journal of Law and Technology 18: 369.","journal-title":"Virginia Journal of Law and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seng D (2015) \u2018Who Watches the Watchmen?\u2019 An Empirical Analysis of Errors in DMCA Takedown Notices. ID 2563202 SSRN Scholarly Paper 23 January. Rochester NY: Social Science Research Network. Available at: http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2563202 (accessed 25 May 2016).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2563202"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2009.03.002"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_6_49_1","first-page":"424","article-title":"Probabilistic topic models","volume":"427","author":"Steyvers M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steyvers M, andGriffiths T (2007) Probabilistic topic models. Handbook of Latent Semantic Analysis 427(7): 424\u2013440.","journal-title":"Handbook of Latent Semantic Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzor NP (n.d.) Understanding content moderation systems: New methods to understand internet governance at scale over time and across platforms. In: Whalen R (ed.) Computational Legal Studies: The Promise and Challenge of Data-Driven Legal Research. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing pp. 1\u201319. Available at: https:\/\/eprints.qut.edu.au\/129464\/ (accessed 15 April 2020).","DOI":"10.4337\/9781788977456.00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108666428"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"What do we mean when we talk about transparency? Toward meaningful transparency in commercial content moderation","volume":"13","author":"Suzor NP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suzor NP, West SM, Quodling A, et\u00a0al. (2019) What do we mean when we talk about transparency? Toward meaningful transparency in commercial content moderation. International Journal of Communication 13: 18.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_1","first-page":"[i]272","article-title":"Video games, fair use and the internet: The plight of the let\u2019s play","volume":"1","author":"Taylor I","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taylor I (2015) Video games, fair use and the internet: The plight of the let\u2019s play. University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology & Policy 1: [i]272.","journal-title":"University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology & Policy"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvc77jqw"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199733170.001.0001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_6_56_1","first-page":"1447","article-title":"All of this has happened before and all of this will happen again: Innovation in copyright licensing","volume":"29","author":"Tushnet R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tushnet R (2014) All of this has happened before and all of this will happen again: Innovation in copyright licensing. Berkeley Technology Law Journal 29(3): 1447.","journal-title":"Berkeley Technology Law Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_1","unstructured":"Urban JM Karaganis J andSchofield BL (2017) Notice and Takedown in Everyday Practice. 22 March. Available at: https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2755628 (accessed 18 September 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_1","first-page":"621","article-title":"Efficient process or \u2018Chilling effects\u2019? Takedown notices under section 512 of the digital millennium copyright act","volume":"22","author":"Urban JM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Urban JM, andQuilter L (2006) Efficient process or \u2018Chilling effects\u2019? Takedown notices under section 512 of the digital millennium copyright act. Santa Clara Computer and High Technology Law Journal 22: 621.","journal-title":"Santa Clara Computer and High Technology Law Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_59_1","unstructured":"Van der Sar E (2018) Movie Company Demands \u20ac200 000 From YouTube Over Pirated Film. Available at: https:\/\/torrentfreak.com\/movie-company-demands-e200000-from-youtube-over-pirated-film-181129\/ (accessed 19 March 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_60_1","unstructured":"Vaswani A Shazeer N Parmar N et\u00a0al. (2017) Attention is all you need. In: Guyon I Luxburg UV Bengio S et\u00a0al. (eds) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30. New York NY: Curran Associates Inc. pp. 5998\u20136008. Available at: http:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper\/7181-attention-is-all-you-need.pdf (accessed 10 April 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_61_1","unstructured":"Wang S (2015) Fair use or copyright infringement? Deadspin and SB Nation get tossed off Twitter for NFL GIFs. In: Nieman Lab. Available at: http:\/\/www.niemanlab.org\/2015\/10\/fair-use-or-copyright-infringement-deadspin-and-sb-nation-get-tossed-off-twitter-for-nfl-gifs\/ (accessed 19 March 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_62_1","first-page":"617","article-title":"Tolerated use","volume":"31","author":"Wu T","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu T (2007) Tolerated use. Columbia Journal of Law & Arts 31: 617.","journal-title":"Columbia Journal of Law & Arts"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_63_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Copyright lawmaking and public choice: From legislative battles to private ordering","volume":"27","author":"Yafit L-A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yafit L-A (2013) Copyright lawmaking and public choice: From legislative battles to private ordering. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology 27: 203.","journal-title":"Harvard Journal of Law & Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_64_1","unstructured":"YouTube (n.d.) Policies on harmful or dangerous content. Available at: https:\/\/support.google.com\/youtube\/answer\/2801964?hl=en-GB (accessed 19 April 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarsky T (2016) The trouble with algorithmic decisions: An analytic road map to examine efficiency and fairness in automated and opaque decision making. Ziewitz M (ed.). Science Technology & Human Values 41(1): 118\u2013132. DOI: 10.1177\/0162243915605575","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243915605575"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58948\/2331-3528.1882"}],"container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053951720919963","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2053951720919963","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053951720919963","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2053951720919963","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:57:56Z","timestamp":1777381076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2053951720919963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2053951720919963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951720919963","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-9517","2053-9517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-9517","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-9517","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"article-number":"2053951720919963"}}