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In the following, the initial focus is on Instagram, together with certain schools of thought such as Instagramism and Instagrammatics for its aesthetic and visual cultural study. Building on those two approaches, it subsequently focuses on other web and social media platforms, such as Google Image Search, Twitter, Facebook and 4chan. It provides demonstrations of how querying techniques create online image collections, and how these sets are analytically grouped through arrangements collectively referred to as metapictures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211022370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T01:40:58Z","timestamp":1623894058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Visual media analysis for Instagram and other online platforms"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Media Studies, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137469816_11"},{"key":"bibr2-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1329878X16665177"},{"key":"bibr3-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aggarwal A (2016) Detecting and mitigating the effect of manipulated reputation on online social networks. In: Proceedings of\n                      the 25th international conference companion on World Wide Web\n                      , pp.293\u2013297. New York: ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/2872518.2888601"},{"key":"bibr4-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781529721522"},{"key":"bibr5-20539517211022370","unstructured":"Allan S (2015) \u201cIPhone-wielding amateurs\u201d: The rise of citizen photojournalism. In: Atton C (ed.)\n                      The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media\n                      . London: Routledge, pp.357\u2013366."},{"key":"bibr611-20539517211022370","unstructured":"Alt-Right Open Intelligence Initiative (2017) Mapping the Alt-Right: The US alternative right across the Atlantic. Digital Methods Summer School, University of Amsterdam. Available at: https:\/\/wiki.digitalmethods.net\/Dmi\/AltRightOpenIntelligenceInitiative (accessed 25 May 2021)."},{"key":"bibr6-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405904.2012.744320"},{"key":"bibr7-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10714421.2015.996401"},{"key":"bibr8-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bechmann A (2017) Keeping it real: From faces and features to social values in deep learning algorithms on social media images. In:\n                      Proceedings of the 50th annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences\n                      , pp.1793\u20131801. New York: IEEE Computer Society.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2017.218"},{"key":"bibr9-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354856520938606"},{"key":"bibr612-20539517211022370","unstructured":"B\u00f6rner K and Polley DE (2014)\n                      Visual Insights: A Practical Guide to Making Sense of Data\n                      . 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In: J\u00e4ger L, Linz E and Schneider I (eds.)\n                      Media, Culture, and Mediality: New Insights into the Current State of Research\n                      , pp.77\u201386. Bielefeld: Transcript-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1515\/transcript.9783839413760.77"},{"key":"bibr38-20539517211022370","unstructured":"Fishkin R (2019) Less than half of Google searches now result in a click. Sparktoro Blog, 13 August. 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Available at: https:\/\/hypeauditor.com\/free-tools\/instagram-audit\/ (accessed 25 May 2021)."},{"key":"bibr50-20539517211022370","unstructured":"Jeffries A, Yin L (2020) Google\u2019s top search result? Surprise! It\u2019s Google.\n                      The Markup,\n                      28 July. Available at: https:\/\/themarkup.org\/google-the-giant\/2020\/07\/28\/google-search-results-prioritize-google-products-over-competitors (accessed 25 May 2021)."},{"key":"bibr51-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820912541"},{"key":"bibr52-20539517211022370","unstructured":"Keegan J (2016) Blue feed, red feed: See liberal Facebook and conservative Facebook, side by side.\n                      Wall Street Journal\n                      , 18 May. Available at: https:\/\/graphics.wsj.com\/blue-feed-red-feed\/ (accessed 25 May 2021)."},{"key":"bibr53-20539517211022370","volume-title":"Instagram: Visual Social Media Cultures","author":"Leaver T","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr54-20539517211022370","unstructured":"Lecher C, Keegan J (2021) Biden and Trump voters were exposed to radically different coverage of the Capitol riot on Facebook.\n                      The Markup\n                      , 14 January. Available at: https:\/\/themarkup.org\/citizen-browser\/2021\/01\/14\/biden-and-trump-voters-were-exposed-to-radically-different-coverage-of-the-capitol-riot-on-facebook (accessed 25 May 2021)."},{"key":"bibr55-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309132518787997"},{"key":"bibr56-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindquist J (2018) Illicit economies of the internet: Click farming in Indonesia and beyond.\n                      Made in China Journal\n                      October\u2013December. Available at: https:\/\/madeinchinajournal.com\/2019\/01\/12\/illicit-economies-of-the-internet-click-farming-in-indonesia-and-beyond\/ (accessed 25 May 2021).","DOI":"10.22459\/MIC.04.2019.41"},{"key":"bibr57-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ling C, AbuHilal I, Blackburn J, et\u00a0al. (2021) Dissecting the meme magic: Understanding indicators of virality in image memes. In: Proceedings of 24th ACM conference on computer-supported cooperative work and social computing, p. 81.  New York:  ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/3449155"},{"key":"bibr58-20539517211022370","unstructured":"Manovich L (2011a) Style space: How to compare image sets and follow their evolution. 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Available at: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/09\/07\/upshot\/from-sex-object-to-gritty-woman-the-evolution-of-women-in-stock-photos.html (accessed 25 May 2021)."},{"key":"bibr68-20539517211022370","volume-title":"Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation","author":"Mitchell WJT","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr69-20539517211022370","volume-title":"Distant Reading","author":"Moretti F","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr70-20539517211022370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818773059"},{"key":"bibr71-20539517211022370","unstructured":"Newton C (2020) Why no one knows which stories are the most popular on Facebook.\n                      The Verge\n                      , 22 July. 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