{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:31:21Z","timestamp":1777455081399,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This commentary reflects on recent instances of anti-Asian violence and state responses to redress violence through data-driven strategies. Data collection often presents itself as an appealing strategy, due to impacted communities\u2019 desires for evidence and metrics to substantiate political claims. Yet, data collection can bolster the carceral state. This commentary takes an antagonistic approach to policing, including the ongoing creation of data infrastructures by\u2014and for\u2014law enforcement through hate crimes legislation. We critically discuss the challenges and possibilities in building towards anti-carceral responses amidst ongoing racial violence and crisis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211028252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:26:47Z","timestamp":1625012807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Against carceral data collection in response to anti-Asian violences"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Public Interest Technology, New York University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20539517211028252","unstructured":"8 to Abolition (2020) 8 to Abolition. Available at: www.8toabolition.com\/ (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr2-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Asian American Feminist Collective (2020) We want cop-free communities: Against the creation of an Asian hate crime task force by the NYPD.\n                      Medium,\n                      3 September. Available at: https:\/\/aafcollective.medium.com\/we-want-cop-free-communities-3924956251a2 (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr3-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Barabas C (2020) To build a better future, designers need to start saying \u2018No\u2019.\n                      One Zero\n                      , 13 October. Available at: https:\/\/onezero.medium.com\/refusal-a-beginning-that-starts-with-an-end-2b055bfc14be (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr4-20539517211028252","volume-title":"This Muslim American Life: Dispatches from the War on Terror","author":"Bayoumi M","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr5-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822375302"},{"key":"bibr6-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Bureau of Justice Assistance (2021) Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Program. Available at: https:\/\/bja.ojp.gov\/program\/shepard-byrd-hate-crimes-program\/funding"},{"key":"bibr7-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Carceral Tech Resistance Network (2021) Why.\n                      CTRN\n                      , Available at: www.carceral.tech\/why"},{"key":"bibr8-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Care Not Cops (2017) Care Not Cops. Available at: www.carenotcops.org\/ (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr9-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Cifor M, Garcia P, Cowan TL, et\u00a0al. (2019) Feminist data manifest-no. Available at: www.manifestno.com (accessed 7 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr10-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Collier Z (2020) Legacy in action. In:\n                      The Role of Archives in Transformation, Community, and Healing During a Pandemic\n                      . Archival Outlook Magazine, Society of American Archivists, p. 28."},{"key":"bibr11-20539517211028252","unstructured":"COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act (2021) S.937 \u2014 117th Congress."},{"key":"bibr12-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crooks R, Currie M (2021) Numbers will not save us: Agonistic data practices.\n                      The Information Society.","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.2021.1920081"},{"key":"bibr13-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951718784083"},{"key":"bibr14-20539517211028252","unstructured":"GAPIMNY (2021) 100+ Asian and LGBTQ Organizations\u2019 Statement in Opposition to Law Enforcement-Based Hate Crime Legislation.\n                      Reappropriate,\n                      12 May. Available at: http:\/\/reappropriate.co\/2021\/05\/75-asian-and-lgbtq-organizations-statement-in-opposition-to-law-enforcement-based-hate-crime-legislation\/#more-32106 (accessed 7 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr15-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heeks R and Shekhar S (2019) Datafication, development and marginalised urban communities: an applied data justice framework.\n                      Information, Communication, and Society\n                      22(7): 992-1011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2019.1599039","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2019.1599039"},{"key":"bibr1500-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hibdon J, Telep C, Huff J (2021) \u201cGoing beyond the blue: The utility of emergency medical services data in understanding violent crime\u201d.\n                      Criminal Justice Review\n                      . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0734016821999700.","DOI":"10.1177\/0734016821999700"},{"key":"bibr16-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann AL (2020) Terms of inclusion: Data, discourse, violence.\n                      New Media & Society\n                      . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444820958725.","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820958725"},{"key":"bibr17-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Hong N, Southhall A, Watkins A (2021) He was charged in an Anti-Asian attack. It was his 33rd arrest.\n                      New York Times\n                      , 6 April. Available at: www.nytimes.com\/2021\/04\/06\/nyregion\/nyc-asian-hate-crime-mental-illness.html (accessed 3 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr18-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Hossain S, Mon M (2020) South Asians for abolition: Diasporic strategies and conversations. In:\n                      Asian American writers\u2019 workshop: The Margins\n                      , 16 December. Available at: https:\/\/aaww.org\/south-asians-for-abolition-diasporic-strategies-and-conversations\/ (accessed 7 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr19-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Husain A (2020) Terror and abolition.\n                      Boston Review\n                      , 11 June. Available at: http:\/\/bostonreview.net\/race\/atiya-husain-terror-and-abolition (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr20-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Kaba M (2017) Towards the horizon of abolition: A conversation with Mariame Kaba by John Duda.\n                      The Next System Project\n                      , 9 November. Available at: https:\/\/thenextsystem.org\/learn\/stories\/towards-horizon-abolition-conversation-mariame-kaba (accessed 3 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr21-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822391494"},{"key":"bibr22-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Kaur H (2021) \u201cFetishized, sexualized and marginalized, Asian women are uniquely vulnerable to violence.\u201d\n                      CNN\n                      , 17 March. Available at: www.cnn.com\/2021\/03\/17\/us\/asian-women-misogyny-spa-shootings-trnd\/index.html (accessed 3 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr23-20539517211028252","volume-title":"The Muslims Are Coming! Islamophobia, Extremism and the Domestic War on Terror","author":"Kundnani A","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr24-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Kuo R, Bhaman S (2021) Attacks on Asian women are fueled by criminalization, war and economic injustice.\n                      Truthout,\n                      23 March. Available at: https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/attacks-on-asian-women-are-fueled-by-criminalization-war-and-economic-injustice\/ (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr25-20539517211028252","volume-title":"\u201cPrisons Make Us Safer\u201d: And 20 Other Myths about Mass Incarceration","author":"Law V","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr26-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Lowe L (1998) \u201cWork, immigration, gender: New subjects of cultural politics.\n                      Social Justice\n                      25(3): 31\u201349."},{"key":"bibr27-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13169\/islastudj.3.1.0127"},{"key":"bibr28-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjsf4fx"},{"key":"bibr29-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Muslim Justice League (2020) #StopCVE Now.\n                      Muslim Justice League\n                      , May. Available at: www.muslimjusticeleague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/FactSheet_Final_version2_.pdf (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr30-20539517211028252","volume-title":"Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America","author":"Ngai M","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr31-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Nguyen T (2021) The spectacle of Anti-Asian violence on Instagram.\n                      Vox\n                      , 14 April. Available at: https:\/\/www.vox.com\/22374175\/anti-asian-violence-images-instagram (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr32-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9781478004493-010"},{"key":"bibr33-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Nopper T (2021) Anti-Asian violence and Black-Asian solidarity today. In:\n                      Asian American writers\u2019 workshop\n                      , Youtube, 29 March. Available at: www.youtube.com\/watch?v=l7MNPXHT0wM (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr34-20539517211028252","unstructured":"@NYPDCounterterrorism (2021) #NYPDCT is monitoring the shooting of Asian Americans in Georgia\u2026\n                      Twitter\n                      , 17 March. Available at: https:\/\/twitter.com\/NYPDCT\/status\/1372011931922530309 (accessed 1 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr35-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885519852090"},{"key":"bibr36-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Purnell D (2019) Mass shootings, militarism and policing are chapters in the same manifesto.\n                      Truthout\n                      , 5 August. Available at: https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/mass-shootings-militarism-and-policing-are-chapters-in-the-same-manifesto\/ (accessed 7 June 2021)."},{"key":"bibr3117-20539517211028252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reddy C (2011)\n                      Freedom with Violence: Race, Sexuality, and the US State.\n                      Duke University Press.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv11cw796"},{"key":"bibr37-20539517211028252","volume-title":"Smartphones, and the New Protest #Journalism","author":"Richardson A","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr38-20539517211028252","unstructured":"Roberts D (2020) Abolishing Policing Also Means Abolishing Family Regulation.\n                      Imprint News\n                      , 16 June. 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