{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:43:21Z","timestamp":1777455801931,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011898","name":"Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011898","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital phenotyping is a rapidly growing research field promising to transform how psychiatry measures, classifies, predicts, and explains human behavior. This article advances the social-scientific examination of digital phenotyping's epistemology and knowledge claims. Drawing on the notion of a \u201cneuromolecular gaze\u201d in psychiatry since the 1960s, it suggests that digital phenotyping concerns a new psychiatric gaze\u2014the \u201cdigital gaze.\u201d Rather than privileging neuromolecular explanations, the digital gaze privileges the \u201cdeep\u201d physiological, behavioral, and social \u201ctruths\u201d afforded by digital technologies and big data. The article interrogates two concepts directing the digital gaze: \u201cdigital phenotype\u201d and \u201cdigital biomarkers.\u201d Both concepts make explicit an epistemic link between \u201cthe digital\u201d and \u201cthe biological.\u201d The article examines the soundness and construction of this link to, first, offer a \u201creality check\u201d of digital phenotyping's claims and, second, more clearly delineate and demarcate the digital gaze. It argues there is evidence of significant mis- and overstatements about digital phenotyping's basis in biology, including in much-hyped psychiatric digital biomarker research. Rather than driving the biologization of digital traces, as some have suggested, digital mental health phenotyping so far seems mainly concerned with physiological, behavioral, and social processes that can be surveilled by means of digital devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517221145680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T01:12:20Z","timestamp":1673572340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Short-circuiting biology: Digital phenotypes, digital biomarkers, and shifting gazes in psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8773-9796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shai","family":"Mulinari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20539517221145680","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.28"},{"key":"bibr2-20539517221145680","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2217"},{"key":"bibr3-20539517221145680","unstructured":"Al-Faruque F (2022) FDA officials aim to stop misuse of the term \u2018digital biomarker\u2019.\n                      RAPS\n                      . 29 March. Available at: https:\/\/www.raps.org\/news-and-articles\/news-articles\/2022\/3\/fda-officials-aim-to-stop-misuse-of-the-term-digit."},{"key":"bibr4-20539517221145680","unstructured":"Anonymous (2020) EMA offers clarity on Digital Biomarker terminology and submission process.\n                      Koneksa\n                      , 17 June. 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