{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:44:31Z","timestamp":1777455871084,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Google dominates around 92% of the search market worldwide (as of November 2022), with most of its revenue derived from search advertising. However, Google's hegemony over search and the resulting implications are not necessarily accidental, arbitrary or (un)intentional. This article revisits Brin and Page's original paper, drawing on six of their key innovations, concerns and design choices ( counting citations or backlinks, trusted user, advertising, personalization, usage data, smart algorithms) to explain the evolution of Google's hypertext search engine technologies through \u2018moments of contingency\u2019, which led to corporate lock-ins. Underpinned by analyses of patents, statements and secondary sources, it elucidates how early Google considerations and certain affordances not only came to shape the web ( backlinks, trusted user, advertising) but subsequently facilitated contemporary surveillance capitalism. Building upon Zuboff's \u2018Big Other\u2019, it describes the ways in which Google as an infrastructure is intertwined with Big Data's platformization and the ad infinitum collection of usage data, beyond just personalization. This extraction and refinement of usage data as \u2018behavioural surplus\u2019 results in \u2018deleterious consequences\u2019: a \u2018habit of automaticity,\u2019 which shapes the trusted user through \u2018ubiquitous googling\u2019 and smart algorithms, whilst simultaneously generating prediction products for surveillance capitalism. Advancing Latour's \u2018predicting the path\u2019 of technological innovation, this cause-and-effect story contributes a new taxonomy of Google sociotechnical affordances to critical STS, media history and web search literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517231171058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T01:53:06Z","timestamp":1682992386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Deleterious consequences: How Google's original sociotechnical affordances ultimately shaped \u2018trusted users\u2019 in surveillance capitalism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1483-9996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Ridgway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Design and Information Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20539517231171058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.1994.9960162"},{"key":"bibr2-20539517231171058","volume-title":"Bridging the Great Divide: Social Science, Technical Systems","author":"Agre P","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr3-20539517231171058","volume-title":"Oxford Handbook of Media, Organisation and Technology","author":"Alaimo C","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr4-20539517231171058","volume-title":"The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture","author":"Battelle J","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr5-20539517231171058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809336551"},{"key":"bibr6-20539517231171058","volume-title":"Shaping Technologies\/Building Society-Studies in Sociotechnical Change","author":"Bijker W","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr7-20539517231171058","volume":"5","author":"Bili\u0107 P","year":"2017","journal-title":"Westminster Advanced Studies"},{"key":"bibr8-20539517231171058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211017308"},{"key":"bibr9-20539517231171058","unstructured":"Brin S, Page L (1998)\n                      The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine\n                      . 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