{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:45:57Z","timestamp":1777455957986,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["771217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["771217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Entanglements between public and private entities in digital health are not new, yet we do not have full insight into how these public-private dances are choreographed or what notions of public value drive governments\u2019 appetite for investing into or collaborating with private digital health firms around health data. We examine key events, actors, public discussions, policy deliberations and regulations for over 30 years to find that European Union policy has paved an innovation-friendly path for technology companies entering healthcare. The recent pandemic has normalized these collaborations even further. The paper also finds that conceptualizations of public value in digital health mostly relate to economic aspects \u2013 markets, jobs and money. Other interpretations, such as public health, long-term sustainability or the common good, tend to be sidelined. The paper closes by considering whether the advent of the European Health Data Space will change this trajectory before giving suggestions on how a focus on public health value can be re-established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517231220622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T20:33:15Z","timestamp":1703190795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Choreographing for public value in digital health?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6047-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National College of Ireland, School of Business, Dublin, Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2400-7333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susi","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin, School of Business, Dublin, Ireland"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17530350.2020.1846592"},{"key":"bibr2-20539517231220622","volume-title":"Doing Document Analysis: A Practice-oriented Method","author":"Asdal K","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr3-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211017308"},{"key":"bibr4-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03085147.2022.1987752"},{"key":"bibr5-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2012.678878"},{"key":"bibr6-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11024-011-9161-7"},{"key":"bibr7-20539517231220622","volume":"377","author":"Bradley SH","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr8-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2021.100427"},{"key":"bibr9-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1011-4"},{"key":"bibr10-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/1070237ar"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr11-20539517231220622","first-page":"82","volume":"8","author":"Christiansen I","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Review of Political Economy"},{"key":"bibr12-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.647897"},{"key":"bibr13-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517221091138"},{"key":"bibr14-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2023.104913"},{"key":"bibr15-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37677"},{"key":"bibr16-20539517231220622","unstructured":"Deloitte (2023) Platform Business Model explained\u2026in under 100 words, available at https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/ch\/en\/pages\/innovation\/articles\/platform-business-model-explained.html (accessed 7 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr17-20539517231220622","unstructured":"El-sayed S, Prainsack B (2022) Assessing Public Value: A Tool for Structured Assessment, available at https:\/\/digitize-transformation.at\/news-und-events\/detailansicht\/news\/plutopubval-public-value-tool\/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=793c41c8614e5c82ae5df20fa6c72168 (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"bibr18-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211066451"},{"key":"bibr19-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19284"},{"key":"bibr20-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-020-00423-6"},{"key":"bibr21-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme-2022-108867"},{"key":"bibr22-20539517231220622","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Path Dependence and Creation","author":"Garud R","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr23-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2009.00914.x"},{"key":"bibr24-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30137-0"},{"key":"bibr25-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17530350.2019.1684337"},{"key":"bibr26-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01708406231171802"},{"key":"bibr27-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470593117692024"},{"key":"bibr28-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0007650319826307"},{"key":"bibr29-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17530350.2022.2058057"},{"key":"bibr30-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.11.010"},{"key":"bibr31-20539517231220622","unstructured":"Ghlionn JM (2021) How Google is making more money than ever off the sick and vulnerable. New York Post. June 5. Available at https:\/\/nypost.com\/2021\/06\/05\/how-google-exploits-the-sick-and-vulnerable-for-a-profit\/ (accessed 28 July 2023)."},{"key":"bibr32-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30399"},{"key":"bibr33-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09505431.2013.786990"},{"key":"bibr34-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07584-4"},{"key":"bibr35-20539517231220622","unstructured":"Kavanagh C (2019) New Tech, New Threats, and New Governance Challenges: An Opportunity to Craft Smarter Responses? Working Paper. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Available at. https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2019\/08\/28\/new-tech-new-threats-and-new-governance-challenges-opportunity-to-craft-smarter-responses-pub-79736 (accessed 29 June 2022)."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr36-20539517231220622","first-page":"61","volume":"32","author":"Kenney M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Issues in Science and Technology"},{"key":"bibr37-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13562576.2020.1770587"},{"key":"bibr38-20539517231220622","unstructured":"Klein N (2020 May 13) How big tech plans to profit from the pandemic.\n                      The Guardian\n                      , 13 May 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/2020\/may\/13\/naomi-klein-how-big-tech-plans-to-profit-from-coronavirus-pandemic (accessed 29 June 2022)."},{"key":"bibr39-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2487788.2488024"},{"key":"bibr40-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.10.030"},{"key":"bibr41-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/259349"},{"key":"bibr42-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09505431.2021.1999403"},{"key":"bibr43-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2020.105233"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr44-20539517231220622","volume":"91","author":"Lippi G","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomedica"},{"key":"bibr45-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.04.004"},{"key":"bibr46-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2022.2029192"},{"key":"bibr47-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2023.104861"},{"key":"bibr48-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211018783"},{"key":"bibr49-20539517231220622","volume-title":"The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths","author":"Mazzucato M","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr50-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13662716.2016.1146124"},{"key":"bibr51-20539517231220622","unstructured":"Mazzucato M (2022) Rethinking the social contract between the state and business: A new approach to industrial strategy with conditionalities. UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, Working Paper Series (IIPP WP 2022\u201318) Available at: https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/bartlett\/public-purpose\/wp2022-18 (accessed 26 January 2023)."},{"key":"bibr52-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198747413.003.0009"},{"key":"bibr53-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17487870.2022.2053537"},{"key":"bibr54-20539517231220622","unstructured":"McCullough B (2018) A revealing look at the dot-com bubble of 2000 \u2013 and how it shapes our lives today. Available at https:\/\/ideas.ted.com\/an-eye-opening-look-at-the-dot-com-bubble-of-2000-and-how-it-shapes-our-lives-today\/ (accessed 15 August 2022)."},{"key":"bibr55-20539517231220622","first-page":"155","volume":"28","author":"McMahon A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medical Law Review"},{"key":"bibr56-20539517231220622","unstructured":"Mearian L (2019) Yes, Google's using your healthcare data\u2013and it's not alone, ComputerWorld. November 15. Available at https:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/article\/3453818\/yes-googles-using-your-healthcare-data-and-its-not-alone.html#:\u223c:text=Google%20is%20working%20with%20one,care%20and%20cost%20cutting%20measures (accessed 28 July 2023)."},{"key":"bibr57-20539517231220622","first-page":"1277","volume-title":"International Encyclopedia of Civil Society","author":"Meynhardt T","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr58-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951720948087"},{"key":"bibr59-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951720949567"},{"key":"bibr60-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-015-9652-2"},{"key":"bibr61-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.12198"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr62-20539517231220622","volume":"5","author":"Murray CJL, Alamro NMS","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"bibr63-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211025545"},{"key":"bibr64-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.01005"},{"key":"bibr65-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjhci-2020-100166","volume":"27","author":"Peek N","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Health & Care Informatics"},{"key":"bibr66-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJFSM.2009.026637"},{"key":"bibr67-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951720952088"},{"key":"bibr68-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951719829773"},{"key":"bibr69-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00189-3"},{"key":"bibr70-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108367677.009"},{"key":"bibr71-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anthro-102116-041244"},{"key":"bibr72-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003359"},{"key":"bibr73-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951718819032"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr74-20539517231220622","first-page":"45","volume":"23","author":"Sharon T","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"bibr75-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-020-09575-7"},{"key":"bibr76-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11024-011-9163-5"},{"key":"bibr77-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13634593211069320"},{"key":"bibr78-20539517231220622","unstructured":"Statista (2023) Advertising revenue of Google from 2001 to 2022, available at https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/266249\/advertising-revenue-of-google\/ (accessed 7 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr79-20539517231220622","author":"Stern AD","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"bibr80-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-00324-y"},{"key":"bibr81-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-020-00441-4"},{"key":"bibr82-20539517231220622","volume-title":"The Creative Destruction of Medicine: How the Digital Revolution Will Create Better Health Care","author":"Topol EJ","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr83-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003904"},{"key":"bibr84-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312721989818"},{"key":"bibr85-20539517231220622","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15816"}],"container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20539517231220622","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20539517231220622","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20539517231220622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:00:39Z","timestamp":1777381239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20539517231220622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20539517231220622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20539517231220622","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-9517","2053-9517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-9517","type":"print"},{"value":"2053-9517","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"article-number":"20539517231220622"}}