{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:15:28Z","timestamp":1785906928844,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project ID CE200100025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project ID CE200100025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The University of Melbourne Faculty of Engineering and IT","award":["Indigenous Research Grant 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Indigenous Research Grant 2022"]}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council\u2019s Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course","award":["Project ID CE200100025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project ID CE200100025"]}]},{"name":"Melbourne Social Equity Institute","award":["Seed Funding Grant 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Seed Funding Grant 2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Big Data &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic literature review addresses the intersection of two rapidly evolving areas of knowledge and practice: Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and artificial intelligence (AI). There is growing scholarly recognition of the rich and diverse nature of IKS, which are unique intergenerational understandings of worldly relations from an Indigenous standpoint. There is now a vast literature on the promise and pitfalls of AI. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews showing how these two dynamic literatures are intersecting, and what the major themes are. AI has the potential to assist the promotion of IKS; however, there are also potential risks arising from AI for Indigenous peoples, such as the erosion of cultural knowledge, and data-grabbing that fails to respect the principles of Indigenous Data Sovereignty. These risks can exacerbate existing knowledge hierarchies and socio-economic inequalities. In this paper, we conducted a systematic review of articles published between 2012 and 2023 (January) on Indigenous peoples and AI. We shed light upon four unique overlapping categories into which existing literature can be classified and comprehensively discuss literature under each category. The first two categories discuss AI\u2019s role in assisting the promotion of IKS and the third focuses on the pitfalls of using AI for Indigenous peoples. The final category discusses how IKS itself can enrich the development of AI. We further identify several gaps in the literature and highlight avenues requiring attention on AI\u2019s role with Indigenous peoples and their knowledge systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517251349170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:11:48Z","timestamp":1750216308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Indigenous peoples and artificial intelligence: A systematic review and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9779-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maneesha","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AI, Optimisation and Pattern Recognition Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Design, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1645-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajith","family":"Vidanaarachchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI, Optimisation and Pattern Recognition Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Design, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence on Children and Families over the Life Course, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3792-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangeetha","family":"Chandrashekeran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Design, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence on Children and Families over the Life Course, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence on Children and Families over the Life Course, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Descendant of Tati Tati Nation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence on Children and Families over the Life Course, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Descendant of Tati Tati Nation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Halgamuge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI, Optimisation and Pattern Recognition Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"FCJ-209 Indigenous Knowledge Systems and pattern thinking: An expanded analysis of the first Indigenous robotics prototype workshop","volume":"28","author":"Abdilla A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdilla A (2017) FCJ-209 Indigenous Knowledge Systems and pattern thinking: An expanded analysis of the first Indigenous robotics prototype workshop. 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