{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:37:19Z","timestamp":1767339439738,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JRSM Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Major epidemics of measles are again in the news across the UK because of our failure to maintain population herd immunity. This situation has occurred primarily because of a loss of public confidence in the measles , mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, which was never restored following the Wakefield debacle, and a lack of awareness of the potential morbidity and mortality associated with measles. This article provides healthcare professionals with a succinct overview of important clinical aspects of measles and also describes the history of measles vaccination in the UK. Restoration of herd immunity will require higher public acceptance of the MMR vaccine in the context of recognition that measles remains an important infection. While achievement of this appears to be challenging, recent UK-based research suggests that it can be ascertained. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2054270414523408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]],"date-time":"2014-04-30T04:13:14Z","timestamp":1398831194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A short clinical review of vaccination against measles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Leen Khader","family":"Tannous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull York Medical School, YO10 5DD, York, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hull York Medical School, YO10 5DD, York, UK"},{"name":"Department of Infection, Hull And East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil H","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practitioner, North Yorkshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2054270414523408","unstructured":"Wakefield A. New Evidence Refutes Fraud Findings in Dr. Wakefield Case. Interviewed by Mercola JM. See http:\/\/articles.mercola.com\/sites\/articles\/archive\/2012\/01\/24\/new-evidence-refutes-fraud-findings-in-dr-wakefield-case.aspx (2012, last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr2-2054270414523408","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Measles. Fact sheet No 286. See http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs286\/en\/ (2012, last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr3-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6122.1253"},{"key":"bibr4-2054270414523408","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Measles and Rubella Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation Guidelines. See http:\/\/www.searo.who.int\/LinkFiles\/Measles_and_MNT_SEA_Regional_Guidelines_M&R_Surveillance_and_Outbreak_Investigation.pdf (2009, last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr5-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baxi R, Mytton OT, Abid M, et\u00a0al. Outbreak report: nosocomial transmission of measles though an unvaccinated healthcare worker \u2013 implications for public health. J Public Health Epub ahead of print 6 October 2013. DOI: 10.1093\/pubmed\/fdt096.","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdt096"},{"key":"bibr6-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bannaga AS, Wiles S, Rahama O, et\u00a0al. Study in pink\u2009\u2026\u2009rash!. BMJ Case Rep 2013. DOI: 10.1136\/bcr-2013-201319.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-201319"},{"key":"bibr7-2054270414523408","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. Measles Notifications and Deaths in England and Wales, 1940-2008. See http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/web\/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard\/HPAweb_C\/1195733835814 (2013, last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr8-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5262.1244"},{"key":"bibr9-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5262.1250"},{"key":"bibr10-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5413.851"},{"key":"bibr11-2054270414523408","unstructured":"Ramsay M, Gay N, Miller E, et\u00a0al. The Epidemiology of Measles in England and Wales: Rationale for the 1994 National Vaccination Campaign. Health Protection Agency. Report number 12, 1994."},{"key":"bibr12-2054270414523408","unstructured":"Medical Research Council. Measles. See http:\/\/www.mrc.ac.uk\/Achievementsimpact\/Storiesofimpact\/Measles\/index.htm (last checked October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr13-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(71)80259-7"},{"key":"bibr14-2054270414523408","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. Completed Primary Courses at Two Years of Age: England and Wales, 1966\u20131977, England only 1978 onwards. See http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/web\/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard\/HPAweb_C\/1195733819251 (2011, last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr15-2054270414523408","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. Herd Immunity \u2013 Concepts of Control. See www.hpa.org.uk\/webc\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1279889319696 (last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr16-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890390415"},{"key":"bibr17-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11096-0"},{"key":"bibr18-2054270414523408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c5258"},{"key":"bibr19-2054270414523408","unstructured":"British United Provident Association. Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine. See http:\/\/www.bupa.co.uk\/individuals\/health-information\/directory\/m\/mmr-vaccine (2011, last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr20-2054270414523408","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. Confirmed Cases of Measles, Mumps and Rubella 1996-2011. See http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/web\/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard\/HPAweb_C\/1195733833790 (2013, last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr21-2054270414523408","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. Vaccine Uptake at All Time High on Merseyside. See http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/ProductsServices\/LocalServices\/NorthWest\/NorthWestPressReleases\/nwest120613merseysidemeaslesvacc\/ (last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr22-2054270414523408","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. Number of Laboratory Confirmed Measles Cases in England and Wales. See http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/web\/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard\/HPAweb_C\/1223019390211 (2013, last checked 14 October 2013)."},{"key":"bibr23-2054270414523408","unstructured":"BBC News. Swansea Measles Epidemic Officially Over. 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