{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:48:47Z","timestamp":1786117727174,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JRSM Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess how UK postgraduate medical organisations have responded to calls for action on structural racism, and to examine the extent to which anti-racism is embedded in postgraduate medical curricula and learning outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a review of publicly available statements and commitments from organisations responsible for postgraduate medical education, and a content analysis of all General Medical Council (GMC)-approved postgraduate curricula. Search terms related to racism, ethnicity, religion and discrimination were used, with double-coding of extracted data and inductive thematic analysis of relevant learning outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one organisations responsible for postgraduate medical training and all 102 GMC-approved postgraduate medical curricula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Presence of explicit anti-racism commitments, inclusion of education-related actions and accountability mechanisms, and representation of racism and its impacts on health within assessed curricular competencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen organisations (76%) had public commitments addressing racism or related issues, with ten (48%) including education-related measures and five (24%) specifying accountability mechanisms. Across 102 curricula, only 11 (11%) mentioned racism, and just 10 included it in learning outcomes, largely confined to three specialities. Mentions of race, ethnicity and religion were more common but often lacked reference to structural drivers of health inequalities. No curricula addressed xenophobia, Islamophobia, antisemitism or decolonisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite widespread institutional commitments, anti-racism is minimally represented in UK postgraduate medical curricula. There is an urgent need to integrate explicit anti-racism competencies into training to equip doctors with the knowledge and skills required to address structural determinants of health and reduce inequalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20542704261462649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:59:18Z","timestamp":1784635158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-racism in postgraduate medical curricula: A review of curricula"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1998-9068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadjer","family":"Nacer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chetna","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Koay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0121-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delan","family":"Devakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02484-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPR.0000000000000001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01972-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09792-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Database NCM. Child Death Review Data Release. 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"NHS Race and Health Observatory. We deserve better: Ethnic minorities with a learning disability and access to healthcare \u2013 a review of policy and data. 2023. https:\/\/www.nhsrho.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Part-A-RHO-LD-Policy-Data-Review-Report.pdf (accessed)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","article-title":"Racism is a \u201cstain on the NHS\u201d and is driving out staff, warns top psychiatrist","volume":"382","author":"Mahase E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahase E. Racism is a \u201cstain on the NHS\u201d and is driving out staff, warns top psychiatrist. Br Med. J 2023;382:p1595.","journal-title":"Br Med. J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"NHS England. NHS Workforce Race Equality Standard. 2015. https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/about\/equality\/equality-hub\/workforce-equality-data-standards\/equality-standard\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"NHS England. Medical Workforce Race Equality Standard (MWRES). 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"NHS. NHS Race & Health Observatory. 2021. https:\/\/www.nhsrho.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Utah State University. Resources for Racial Justice 2023. https:\/\/libguides.usu.edu\/racialjustice\/concepts"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2023.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-017-0179-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","article-title":"How unconscious bias can discriminate against patients and affect their care","volume":"371","author":"Oxtoby K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oxtoby K. How unconscious bias can discriminate against patients and affect their care. 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