{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T03:33:27Z","timestamp":1793676807679,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The BC Ministry of Health"},{"name":"The Kidney Foundation of Canada","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019a0gk53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Kidney Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition presenting with long-term slow progression of structural and\/or functional damage to the kidneys. Early detection is key to preventing complications and improving outcomes. Point-of-care estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) screening technology allows for detection of abnormal kidney function in the community pharmacy setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of a community pharmacist-directed point-of-care screening program and to identify the prevalence of CKD in high-risk patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantitative observational.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four community pharmacies in British Columbia over a 6-month period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all, 642 participants with at least one CKD risk factor were identified and screened. Mean age was 60 years and females accounted for 55% of the study population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum creatinine was measured from peripheral blood using the HeathTab\u00ae screening system (Piccolo\u00ae Renal Function Panel with the Piccolo\u00ae blood chemistry analyzer). eGFR was calculated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients provided a sample of peripheral blood via a self-administered finger-prick and analytical data to assess kidney function was reported including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and electrolytes by the HealthTab\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      screening system. Once results were available, the pharmacist conducted a comprehensive medication review with the patient and recommended certain follow-up actions if appropriate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CKD risk factor included diabetes (30%), hypertension (45%), cardiovascular disease (12%), family history of kidney disease (13%), age over 55 years (68%), and an Aboriginal, Asian, South Asian, or African ethnic background (82%). A total of 11.5% of patients had eGFR values lower than 60 mL\/min (abnormal renal function) and 34% had an eGFR between 60 and 89 mL\/min (minimally reduced renal function). Overall pharmacists\u2019 actions included blood pressure check (98%), education on CKD and risk factors (89%), medication review (72%), and physician follow-up (38%). Limitations included lack of follow-up beyond the 3-month study period prevented medical confirmation of CKD and limited the ability to quantify the impact of pharmacist interventions on the clinical outcomes of patients with low eGFR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results illustrate the prevalence of abnormal renal function among undiagnosed, high-risk patients in the community. Pharmacists, as the most accessible healthcare practitioners, are ideally positioned to utilize novel point-of care technologies to improve access to CKD screening, facilitate follow-up, and increase awareness around the importance of early detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358120922617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T04:51:45Z","timestamp":1589777505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Community Pharmacy-Based eGFR Screening for Early Detection of CKD in High Risk Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5475-0929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Papastergiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shoppers Drug Mart, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shoppers Drug Mart, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Sindelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcomes Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"van den Bemt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sint Maartenskliniek. Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2054358120922617","unstructured":"The Renal Foundation. The UK eCKD guide. https:\/\/renal.org\/information-resources\/the-uk-eckd-guide\/. Published 2018. Accessed July 3, 2019."},{"key":"bibr2-2054358120922617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000469669"},{"key":"bibr3-2054358120922617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.120833"},{"key":"bibr4-2054358120922617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2015.11666794"},{"key":"bibr5-2054358120922617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2008.01.008"},{"key":"bibr6-2054358120922617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.12.012"},{"key":"bibr7-2054358120922617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358117703986"},{"key":"bibr8-2054358120922617","unstructured":"HealthTab Inc. HealthTab\u2014resources: quality control. https:\/\/www.healthtab.com\/en\/public_site\/quality_control. Published 2018. Accessed July 3, 2019."},{"key":"bibr9-2054358120922617","unstructured":"Abaxis Inc. https:\/\/www.abaxis.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resourcepapers\/piccolo_performance_ohsu_eval.pdf. Published 2002. Accessed May 5, 2020."},{"key":"bibr10-2054358120922617","unstructured":"Abaxis Inc. Piccolo\u00ae comprehensive metabolic panel. https:\/\/www.abaxis.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-packages\/Comprehensive%20Metabolic%20Panel%20Package%20Insert-EN_0.pdf. Published 2015. Accessed July 3, 2019."},{"key":"bibr11-2054358120922617","unstructured":"United states Renal Data System. https:\/\/www.usrds.org\/2016\/view\/v1_01.aspx. 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