{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:38:59Z","timestamp":1792154339947,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review explored the effectiveness of internet-delivered interventions in improving psychological outcomes of informal caregivers for neurodegenerative-disorder (ND) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched seven databases for English-language papers published from 1999 to May 2021. Study-eligibility required that interventions used a minimum 50% internet-facilitation, targeting unpaid, adult informal caregivers of community-based ND-patients. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and pre-post evaluative studies reporting outcomes for at least one-time point post-intervention. Independent quality checks on abstract and full-text screening were completed. Data extraction encompassed interventions\u2019 features, approaches, theoretical bases and delivery-modes. The Integrated quality Criteria for the Review Of Multiple Study designs (ICROMS) framework assessed risk of bias. Alongside narrative synthesis, we calculated meta-analyses on post-intervention using outcome measures from at least two RCTs to assess effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Searches yielded 51 eligible studies with 3180 participants. In 48 studies, caregivers supported a dementia-diagnosed individual. Intervention-durations encompassed four weeks to 12 months, with usage-frequency either prescribed or participant-determined. The most frequently-used approach was education, followed by social support. We calculated meta-analyses using data from 16 RCTs. Internet-delivered interventions were superior in improving mastery (g\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20091.17 [95% CI; 0.1 to 2.24], p\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20090.03) and reducing anxiety (g\u2009=\u2009-1.29 [95% CI; \u22121.56 to \u22121.01], p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), compared to all controls. Findings were equivocal for caregivers\u2019 quality of life, burden and other outcomes. High heterogeneity reflected the multifarious combinations of approaches and delivery-modes, precluding assessment of the most efficacious intervention features. Analyses using burden and self-efficacy outcomes\u2019 follow-up data were also non-significant compared to all comparator-types. Although 32 studies met the ICROMS threshold scores, we rated most studies\u2019 evidence quality as \u2018very-low\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review demonstrated some evidence for the efficacy of internet-delivered interventions targeting informal ND-caregivers. However, more rigorous studies, with longer follow-ups across outcomes and involving NDs other than dementia, are imperative to enhance the knowledge-base.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076221129069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T03:13:10Z","timestamp":1666235590000},"page":"205520762211290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Internet-facilitated interventions for informal caregivers of patients with neurodegenerative disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-1403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Boyt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, RG6 6AL, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen K","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, RG6 6AL, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Morris-Bankole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, RG6 6AL, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, Myddelton Street Building, Myddelton Street, London, EC1R 1UW, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-020-00311-z"},{"key":"bibr2-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X"},{"key":"bibr3-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01658"},{"key":"bibr4-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2018.1534976"},{"key":"bibr5-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/ijtr.2018.25.8.405"},{"key":"bibr6-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13048"},{"key":"bibr7-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-172353"},{"key":"bibr8-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S264688"},{"key":"bibr9-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2019.10.015"},{"key":"bibr10-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1068-4"},{"key":"bibr11-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01708-3"},{"key":"bibr12-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013611"},{"key":"bibr13-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264317729980"},{"key":"bibr14-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics5020026"},{"key":"bibr15-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610218000947"},{"key":"bibr16-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988717720302"},{"key":"bibr17-20552076221129069","first-page":"e4358","volume":"11","author":"Kumar H","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr18-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642018dn13-040008"},{"key":"bibr19-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X19000527"},{"key":"bibr20-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1537360"},{"key":"bibr21-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0000000000000276"},{"key":"bibr22-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz148"},{"key":"bibr23-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02153-6"},{"key":"bibr24-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610218000364"},{"key":"bibr25-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14286"},{"key":"bibr26-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104289"},{"key":"bibr27-20552076221129069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2020.1819867"},{"key":"bibr28-20552076221129069","unstructured":"Hill P, Broady TR. 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