{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:56:16Z","timestamp":1781880976546,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tsinghua University Spring Breeze Fund","award":["2020Z99CFY037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Z99CFY037"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["DIGITAL HEALTH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To validate a single-lead electrocardiogram algorithm for identifying atrial fibrillation, atrial premature beats, ventricular premature beats, and sinus rhythm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 656 subjects aged 19 to 94 years were enrolled. Participants were simultaneously tested with a wristwatch (Huawei Watch GT2 Pro, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China) and a 12-lead electrocardiogram for 3\u2005minutes. A total of 1926 electrocardiogram signals from 628 subjects (282 men and 346 women) aged 19 to 94 years (median 64 years) were analyzed using an algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The numbers of subjects with atrial fibrillation, atrial premature beats, ventricular premature beats, and sinus rhythm were 129, 141, 107, and 251, respectively, and together they had a total of 1926 electrocardiogram signals. For the three-class classification system, the recall, precision, and F1 score were 97.6%, 96.5%, 97.0% for sinus rhythm; 96.7%, 96.9%, 96.8% for atrial fibrillation; and 92.8%, 94.2%, 93.5% for ectopic beats, respectively. The macro-F1 score of the three-class classification system was 95.8%. For the four-class classification system, the recall, precision, and F1 score were 97.6%, 96.5%, 97.0% for sinus rhythm; 96.7%, 96.9%, 96.8% for atrial fibrillation; 90.5%, 89.4%, 89.9% for atrial premature beats; and 86.1%, 89.6%, 87.8% for ventricular premature beats, respectively. The macro-F1 score of the four-class classification system was 92.9%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The single-lead electrocardiogram algorithm embedded into smart wearables demonstrated good performance in detecting atrial fibrillation, atrial\/ventricular premature beats, and sinus rhythm, and thus would facilitate atrial fibrillation screening and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231198682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T01:56:52Z","timestamp":1693447012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Diagnostic validation of smart wearable device embedded with single-lead electrocardiogram for arrhythmia detection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3145-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghong","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Vessel and Thrombotic Disease, Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Graduate School of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Vessel and Thrombotic Disease, Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigeng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Vessel and Thrombotic Disease, Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Vessel and Thrombotic Disease, Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 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